Alloxan diabetes in the rabbit

Duffy, Erin M

doi:10.1002/path.1700570206

Cited by 23 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Direct assay of the pancreas by others has also shown a greatly reduced insulin content. Histological examinations in various species have shown that the �-cells disappear, while the a-cells are not affected (78,82,83) . Some differences have been observed between alloxan diabetic dogs and de� pancreatized dogs.…”

Section: Alloxan Diabetesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Carbohydrate Metabolism

Cori

1946

Annu. Rev. Biochem.

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A complete survey of papers published in 1945 was made difficult by the inaccessibility of many European journals. With few excep tions, a review. of the carbohydrate metabolism of microorganisms could not be included because of the limitation of space.The increasing importance of isotopes as a tool in biochemistry is reflected in the rapid advances which have been made in inter mediary carbohydrate metabolism with this technique. Isotopes have also been used to great advantage in demonstrating reversibility of enzymatic reactions, particularly those involving carbon. dioxide fixa tion or phosphate transfer. The common metabolic pool for carbon fragments derived from the three principal foodstuffs and their com mon oxidative pathway has made it impossible to discuss the inter mediary metabolism of carbohydrates without some reference to that • of the other foodstuffs.The gap which often exists between results obtained in experi ments on the whole animal and on isolated enzyme systems is being bridged to some extent. Here again the use of isotopes plays a lead ing role, but a unified picture will not emerge until the mechanism of the regulatory effect of hormones on enzyme systems is more clearly understood.The usual abbreviations have been used: ATP and ADP for adenosinetriphosphate and adenosinediphosphate ; TPN and DPN for tri-and diphosphopyridine nucleotide; and P for phosphate.

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Section: Alloxan Diabetesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Carbohydrate Metabolism

Cori

1946

Annu. Rev. Biochem.

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“…Secondly, the persistent hyperglycaemia found in the alloxan-diabetic rat, though accompanied by polyuria, polydipsia and intense glycosuria, is not usually associated with ketonuria, which has been reported by only a few authors (Dunn & McLetchie, 1943;Lyman-Duff & Starr, 1944;Bailey, Bailey & Leech, 1944) or with loss of appetite. Ketonuria also appears to be the exception rather than the rule in alloxan-diabetic rabbits (Lewis, Moses & Schneider, 1947;Duffy, 1945) and dogs (Goldner & Gomori, 1943;Thorogood & Zimmerman, 1945). To study ketonuria, Janes & Myers (1946) chose alloxan-diabetic rats since, as they say, they are usually on the borderline of ketosis and respond more readily to any treatment that alters carbohydrate metabolism than do normal animals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental diabetes in rats produced by parenteral administration of anti‐insulin serum

Armin¹,

Grant²,

Wright³

1960

The Journal of Physiology

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We have shown (Armin, Grant & Wright, 1960) that the intravascular injection of single small doses of guinea-pig anti-insulin serum produces transient hyperglycaemia in the rat, rabbit and cat. This is thought to be due to the neutralization of endogenously secreted insulin by antibodies in the injected serum.We now show that when larger doses are administered to the conscious rat by intraperitoneal injection or prolonged intravenous infusion, anti-insulin serum produces a diabetic syndrome characterized amongst other things by hyperglycaemia, polyuria, glycosuria and ketonuria.The rat was chosen for these observations, rather than a larger and experimentally more suitable animal, because of the smaller volumes of serum required; potent anti-insulin serum was in short supply. Moreover, the rat is omnivorous and has already been much used for the study of experimental diabetes produced by alloxan and by pancreatectomy. METHODSDetails of the methods used for the production and assay of anti-insulin serum have already been reported (Armin et al. 1960). Briefly, such serum was obtained from guineapigs treated with an emulsion containing recrystallized bovine insulin and its potency was deduced from the hyperglycaemic effect which it evoked in rats on intravenous injection. Control serum was obtained from guinea-pigs treated similarly with insulin-free emulsion, and normal serum was derived from normal untreated guinea-pigs. The rats into which these sera were injected or infused in the present experiments were of an albino Wistar strain and were fed on a standard rat cake diet; unless otherwise stated, food and water were freely available.Anti-insulin serum. Four batches were used, their potencies being estimated to be such that 1 ml. neutralized approximately 2-3 u. Intraperitoneal injection. The rats (male, 190-205 g) were kept in warm cages. Serum (1-5 ml.) was injected through a fine short-bevelled needle into the peritoneal cavity at a point a little to the right of the mid line and half way between the xiphisternum and the

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“…They were kept in metabolic cages and were fed on a constant diet with water ad lib. Diabetes was induced (Duffy, 1945) by giving the rabbits 200 mg. of alloxan per kg. body weight in a 4% solution intravenously, the solution being almost neutralized with NaOH immediately before use.…”

Section: Methods 1 Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%