Alloy Microstructure Dictates Corrosion Modes in THA Modular Junctions

Pourzal, Robin; Hall, Deborah A.; Ehrich, Jonas; McCarthy, Stephanie; Mathew, Mathew T.; Jacobs, Joshua J.; Urban, Robert M.

doi:10.1007/s11999-017-5486-3

Cited by 38 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Specifically, these features were usually seated within areas of column damage. Column damage is characterized by long etched troughs running along the taper axis, and is associated with banding of the CoCrMo alloy microstructure . Considering our findings in this study, it is probable that fretting within modular taper junctions will eventually release particles from the crevice.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

“…At least in the case of column damage, one can estimate that the contribution is significant as it covers large areas and leaves troughs with a depth of several tens of micrometers . Column damage is also inherently related to the alloy microstructure as are other damage modes such as phase boundary corrosion and intergranular corrosion . Thus, the potential impact of CAC is also dictated by the alloy microstructure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In Vitro Evidence for Cell‐Accelerated Corrosion Within Modular Junctions of Total Hip Replacements

Bijukumar

Salunkhe

Morris

et al. 2019

Journal Orthopaedic Research

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Corrosion at modular junctions of total hip replacement (THR) remains a major concern today. Multiple types of damage modes have been identified at modular junctions, correlated with different corrosion characteristics that may eventually lead to implant failure. Recently, within the head-taper region of the CoCrMo retrieval implants, cell-like features and trails of etching patterns were observed that could potentially be linked to the involvement of cells of the periprosthetic region. However, there is no experimental evidence to corroborate this phenomenon. Therefore, we aimed to study the potential role of periprosthetic cell types on corrosion of CoCrMo alloy under different culture conditions, including the presence of CoCrMo wear debris. Cells were incubated with and without CoCrMo wear debris (obtained from a hip simulator) with an average particle size of 119 ± 138 nm. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was used to evaluate the corrosion tendency, corrosion rate, and corrosion kinetics using the media after 24 h of cell culture as the electrolyte. Results of the study showed that there was lower corrosion resistance (p < 0.02) and higher capacitance (p < 0.05) within cell media from macrophages challenged with particles when compared with the other media conditions studied. The potentiodynamic results were also in agreement with the EIS values, showing significantly higher corrosion tendency (low E corr ) (p < 0.0001) and high I corr (p < 0.05) in media from challenged macrophages compared with media with H 2 O 2 solution. Overall, the study provides in vitro experimental evidence for the possible role of macrophages in altering the chemical environment within the crevice and thereby accelerating corrosion of CoCrMo alloy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro Evidence for Cell‐Accelerated Corrosion Within Modular Junctions of Total Hip Replacements

Bijukumar

Salunkhe

Morris

et al. 2019

Journal Orthopaedic Research

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“…In the laboratory environment, a very acidic etchant is required to conduct metallographic analysis of CoCrMo alloy. It is also known that a high potential is required to cause the pitting features to the extent observed on the retrieved components in this study 18,28 . Therefore, it appears that, in addition to fretting, an aggressive chemical attack needed to take place in vivo in order to cause the observed damage features.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Mechanical, chemical and biological damage modes within head‐neck tapers of CoCrMo and Ti6Al4V contemporary hip replacements

et al. 2017

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Total hip replacement (THR) failure due to mechanically assisted crevice corrosion within modular head-neck taper junctions remains a major concern. Several processes leading to the generation of detrimental corrosion products have been reported in first generation modular devices. Contemporary junctions differ in their geometries, surface finishes, and head alloy. This study specifically provides an overview for CoCrMo/CoCrMo and CoCrMo/Ti6Al4V head-neck contemporary junctions. A retrieval study of 364 retrieved THRs was conducted which included visual examination and determination of damage scores, as well as the examination of damage features using scanning electron microscopy. Different separately occurring or overlapping damage modes were identified that appeared to be either mechanically or chemically dominated. Mechanically dominated damage features included plastic deformation, fretting, and material transfer, whereas chemically dominate damage included pitting corrosion, etching, intergranular corrosion, phase boundary corrosion, and column damage. Etching associated cellular activity was also observed. Furthermore, fretting corrosion, formation of thick oxide films, and imprinting were observed which appeared to be the result of both mechanical and chemical processes. The occurrence and extent of damage caused by different modes was shown to depend on the material, the material couple, and alloy microstructure. In order to minimize THR failure due to material degradation within modular junctions, it is important to distinguish different damage modes, determine their cause, and identify appropriate counter measures, which may differ depending on the material, specific microstructural alloy features, and design factors such as surface topography. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 1672-1685, 2018.

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“…Corrosion of orthopaedic implants was considered a serious clinical concern in the late nineties, although it was believed that the adverse clinical outcomes could be minimized with attention to variables related to the selection of the materials and implant configuration, and metallurgical processing [ 45 ]. A renewed attention has been recently devoted to implant corrosion particles/products because of the adverse local tissue reactions/adverse reaction to metallic debris (ALTR/ARMD) associated with MoM HRA and MoM THA [ 14 , 46 ], MoM large head THA implants with or without CoCr MAS [ 47 , 48 ], non-MoM THA implants with CoCr DMN [ 49 – 51 ] and other MoP THA configurations [ 52 , 53 ]. They are predominantly produced by tribocorrosion at the MoM bearing surface (the intended wear mode) and by mechanically assisted fretting/crevice corrosion (the unintended wear mode) and other less frequent types of corrosion at the head/neck junctions [ 54 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It needs to be emphasized that the particle algorithm constitutes only a guide to identification of implant by-products on a descriptive level by conventional histological examination. Particularly for metallic and ceramic materials but also for the different types of UHMWPE, the definitive material identification, chemical composition and oxidative status is only possible through the use of physical, high-resolution procedures, for example energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) [ 53 ] or synchrotron micro X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) [ 75 ]. For detection of low concentration elements in nano-size wear particles, even more sensitive analytical techniques need to be used, such as TEM and TEM-EDS element mapping, SEM, backscatter scanning electron microscopy (BSEM) and BSEM-EDS element mapping examination, X-Ray diffraction spectrometry (XRD) examination and single particle-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (SP-ICP-MS), as recently reported [ 43 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic guidelines for the histological particle algorithm in the periprosthetic neo-synovial tissue

et al. 2018

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BackgroundThe identification of implant wear particles and non-implant related particles and the characterization of the inflammatory responses in the periprosthetic neo-synovial membrane, bone, and the synovial-like interface membrane (SLIM) play an important role for the evaluation of clinical outcome, correlation with radiological and implant retrieval studies, and understanding of the biological pathways contributing to implant failures in joint arthroplasty. The purpose of this study is to present a comprehensive histological particle algorithm (HPA) as a practical guide to particle identification at routine light microscopy examination.MethodsThe cases used for particle analysis were selected retrospectively from the archives of two institutions and were representative of the implant wear and non-implant related particle spectrum. All particle categories were described according to their size, shape, colour and properties observed at light microscopy, under polarized light, and after histochemical stains when necessary. A unified range of particle size, defined as a measure of length only, is proposed for the wear particles with five classes for polyethylene (PE) particles and four classes for conventional and corrosion metallic particles and ceramic particles.ResultsAll implant wear and non-implant related particles were described and illustrated in detail by category. A particle scoring system for the periprosthetic tissue/SLIM is proposed as follows: 1) Wear particle identification at light microscopy with a two-step analysis at low (× 25, × 40, and × 100) and high magnification (× 200 and × 400); 2) Identification of the predominant wear particle type with size determination; 3) The presence of non-implant related endogenous and/or foreign particles. A guide for a comprehensive pathology report is also provided with sections for macroscopic and microscopic description, and diagnosis.ConclusionsThe HPA should be considered a standard for the histological analysis of periprosthetic neo-synovial membrane, bone, and SLIM. It provides a basic, standardized tool for the identification of implant wear and non-implant related particles at routine light microscopy examination and aims at reducing intra-observer and inter-observer variability to provide a common platform for multicentric implant retrieval/radiological/histological studies and valuable data for the risk assessment of implant performance for regional and national implant registries and government agencies.

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Alloy Microstructure Dictates Corrosion Modes in THA Modular Junctions

Abstract: Implant failure resulting from corrosion processes within modular junctions is a major concern in THA. Our results suggest that implant alloy microstructure is not sufficiently standardized and may also dictate specific corrosion modes and subsequent metal ion release.

Cited by 38 publications

References 47 publications

In Vitro Evidence for Cell‐Accelerated Corrosion Within Modular Junctions of Total Hip Replacements

In Vitro Evidence for Cell‐Accelerated Corrosion Within Modular Junctions of Total Hip Replacements

Mechanical, chemical and biological damage modes within head‐neck tapers of CoCrMo and Ti6Al4V contemporary hip replacements

Diagnostic guidelines for the histological particle algorithm in the periprosthetic neo-synovial tissue

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