Allozyme and chloroplast DNA variation in Italian and Greek populations of Pinus leucodermis

Boscherini, G.; Morgante, Michèle; Rossi, P.; Vendramin, G. G.

doi:10.1038/hdy.1994.135

Cited by 39 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Diversity within populations was higher in the two Greek populations than in the Italian populations for the plastid marker. This is in contrast with nuclear isozyme data that showed similar levels of variability in the Greek and Italian populations (16) and might be due to the differential effects of genetic drift on the two genomes as explained above.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 54%

“…The level and pattern of chloroplast intraspecific variation at this region was then determined in Pinus leucodermis Ant., an endangered conifer with a discontinuous and restricted distribution in southern Europe. Isozyme and chloroplast RFLP data have been obtained for this species (16) than one copy of the same sequence in the data base were removed. Expected frequencies of (dA),.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…For Pinus leucodermis, DNA was extracted from 305 individual seedlings originating from seven populations that had been previously described and analyzed with isozyme and cpDNA markers (16). From 40 to 50 individual seedlings deriving from at least 20 mother trees were analyzed for each population.…”

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Polymorphic simple sequence repeat regions in chloroplast genomes: applications to the population genetics of pines.

Powell

Morgante

McDevitt

et al. 1995

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Simple sequence repeats (SSRs), consisting of tandemly repeated multiple copies of mono-, di-, tri-, or tetranucleotide motifs, are ubiquitous in eukaryotic genomes and are frequently used as genetic markers, taking advantage of their length polymorphism. We have examined the polymorphism of such sequences in the chloroplast genomes of plants, by using a PCR-based assay. GenBank searches identified the presence of several (dA).-(dT). mononucleotide stretches in chloroplast genomes. A chloroplast (cp) SSR was identified in three pine species (Pinus contorta, Pinus sylvestris, and Pinus thunbergii) 312 bp upstream of the psbA gene. DNA amplification of this repeated region from 11 pine species identified nine length variants. The polymorphic amplified fragments were isolated and the DNA sequence was determined, confirming that the length polymorphism was caused by variation in,the length of the repeated region. In the pines, the chloroplast genome is transmitted through pollen and this PCR assay may be used to monitor gene flow in this genus. (5,6). In plants, chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes exhibit different patterns of genetic differentiation compared to nuclear alleles (7) due to their generally uniparental mode of transmission. Thus, for a comprehensive understanding of plant population differentiation and evolution, three interrelated genomes must be considered. The analysis of the chloroplast organelle provides information on the population dynamics of plants that is complementary to that obtained from the nuclear genome (8). The chloroplast genome is highly conserved and has a much lower mutation rate than plant nuclear genomes (9, 10). Restriction site analysis of chloroplast (cp) DNA has been widely used for interspecific studies and in some cases the magnitude of intraspecific variation has been sufficient to allow populationbased studies (11). It has been observed, at least in Angiosperms, that the majority of the intraspecific variation is found between populations with little or no intrapopulational variation possibly due to the maternal mode of inheritance. The availability of a high-resolution chloroplast-specific polymorphic assay should facilitate the analysis of population differentiation and gene flow. Furthermore, in gymnosperms where chloroplasts are primarily paternally transmitted (12), such an assay would allow pollen movement to be monitored.Although the presence of repeated sequence motifs that evolve faster than the surrounding DNA has been reported in chloroplasts (13-15), the exploitation of PCR-based SSR length assays has been restricted to the nuclear genome. In this report we describe the occurrence of SSRs in the chloroplast genome and demonstrate that chloroplast mononucleotide repeat motifs are highly polymorphic in Pinus species. The SSR identified from database sequences of three pine species was amplified by using primers homologous to conserved flanking sequences. These primers were tested on a wide array of pine species. The level and pattern of chloroplast in...

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 54%

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Polymorphic simple sequence repeat regions in chloroplast genomes: applications to the population genetics of pines.

Powell

Morgante

McDevitt

et al. 1995

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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448

301

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“…The length variation of chloroplast DNA fragments has been used previously in gymnosperms to investigate geographic variation (e.g., Hong et al, 1993;Boscherini Raspé et al, 2000) and sequence variations were observed in Juniperus osteosperma by Terry et al (2000). We therefore studied the trnL-trnF intergenic spacer.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic variations and migration pathway of Juniperus thurifera L. (Cupressaceae) in the western Mediterranean region

Jiménez

Werner

Sánchez-Gómez

et al. 2003

Israel Journal of Plant Sciences

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Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis and length variations in the chloroplast trnL-trnF intergenic spacer were used to analyze the geographic structure of Juniperus thurifera L. populations in Spain and North Africa. The chloroplast DNA analysis indicated three size classes of the spacer, but was uninformative of any geographic pattern. In contrast, the RAPD data based on 127 polymorphous bands clearly showed the existence of three population groups: (a) a group comprising two populations from northeastern Spain and two from southern Spain, (b) a group comprising the rest of the Spanish populations, and (c) a group which consisted of the two Moroccan populations. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed that 24% of the variation is found between groups of populations, 15% between populations within groups, and 61% within populations. The results are consistent with a hypothetical migration of J. thurifera starting from central Europe, passing through France and Spain, and finally reaching North Africa.

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“…A similar phenomenon was recorded for the populations of Pinus leucodermis Ant. as reported by Boscherini et al (1994) and in subpopulations of Picea abies (L.) Karst. at extreme growing site conditions (Bozˇicˇand Urbancˇicˇ2003).…”

Section: Little or No Variation In Cpdna And Its Sequencesmentioning

confidence: 63%

History, genetic differentiation and conservation strategies for disjunct populations of Sibiraea species from Southeastern Europe and Asia

et al. 2006

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The genetic structure of Croatian Sibirea (Sibiraea croatica), a rare and endemic tertiary relic of Croatian and Herzegovinian flora, and its relationship with sibirea from Southern Russia and Southern Siberia (Sibiraea altaiensis) was studied using amplification, restriction and sequencing of the ITS region in genomic DNA and cpDNA and their comparisons with sequences of the Rosaceae species obtained from GenBank. The restriction analysis and separation in agarose gel showed no differences in length of the digested cpDNA between or within populations. Sequencing showed only minor variability between populations. Only a minor difference of 6 bp duplication in DNA amplified with ccmp 10-R and trnM primer pair was noticed in two geographically distinct populations. No differences in the restriction pattern for the ITS region in genomic rDNA indicates that all samples of sibirea belong to the same species since the ITS region was proven to be conserved within one taxonomic species. The minor differences that were obtained support the hypothesis that sibirea is an old tertiary relic that shows a minor variability, confirming previous preliminary results from comparisons of the Croatian and Altaic sibireas at the morphological level. Our data suggests that Croatian sibirea from the Balkan is a disjunct population identical to the Altaic species. Due to its disjunct occurrence in Southeastern Europe, the endemic status in the Dinarics, a relic that survived the glaciations, it deserves active conservation approaches through support of traditional use of high-mountain pastures for reducing natural reforestation of sibirea ancient sites.

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Allozyme and chloroplast DNA variation in Italian and Greek populations of Pinus leucodermis

Cited by 39 publications

References 19 publications

Polymorphic simple sequence repeat regions in chloroplast genomes: applications to the population genetics of pines.

Polymorphic simple sequence repeat regions in chloroplast genomes: applications to the population genetics of pines.

Genetic variations and migration pathway of Juniperus thurifera L. (Cupressaceae) in the western Mediterranean region

History, genetic differentiation and conservation strategies for disjunct populations of Sibiraea species from Southeastern Europe and Asia

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