Allozyme, Morphological And Nutritional Analysis Bearing On The Domestication of Momordica Charantia L. (Cucurbitaceae)

Marr, Kendrick L.; Mei, Xia Yong; Bhattarai, N. K.

doi:10.1663/0013-0001(2004)058[0435:amanab]2.0.co;2

Cited by 38 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Similar surveys have been conducted on extensive samples of Citrullus (Navot and Zamir 1987) and C. melo germplasm (Meglic, Horejsi, and Staub 1994;McCreight et al 2004) and more limited sets of C. colocynthis populations from Israel and Sinai (Zamir, Navot, and Rudich 1984); of landraces of C. melo from Spain (Esquinas-Alcazar 1981), India (Sujatha et al 1991), and eastern and southern Asia (Akashi et al 2002b;Kato et al 2002); of wild Cucumis species (Frederick, and Marty 1987;Puchalski and Robinson 1990;; of wild and domesticated Momordica charantia L. (Marr, Mei, and Bhattarai 2004); and of six genera of the Benincaseae (Walters et al 1991). Peroxidase banding patterns were also used as one line of evidence in the correct assignment of the newly discovered Xishuangbannan cucumber to the species C. sativus (Qi, Yuan, and Li 1983).…”

Section: Germplasm Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A recent analysis of M. charantia germplasm (Marr, Mei, and Bhattarai 2004) examined both morphometric and isozyme variation to describe patterns of crop evolution and overall diversity. Isozyme variation supported a single domestication event with extremely low levels of variation among domesticated accessions.…”

Section: Germplasm Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Examining the evolution of another domesticate, Marr, Mei and Bhattarai (2004) investigated patterns of morphological and isozyme variation among wild and cultivated populations of Momordica charantia, and they observed comparable levels of morphological variation in wild and cultivated populations but a great reduction in isozyme polymorphisms among cultivated populations. Their results can be placed into the larger context of variation within the genus Momordica in southeast Asia as a result of de Wilde and Duyfjes 's (2002) recent taxonomic treatment.…”

Section: Other Cultivated Generamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both of these projects identified superior lines for potential commercial production. Evaluations of Sechium edule germplasm have been reviewed by Newstrom (1990), of Lagenaria siceraria germplasm have been reported by Ram et al (1996) and Upadhyay, Ram, andSingh (1997-1998), and of Momordica charantia germplasm by Xu and Huang (1995), Ram et al (1996), and Marr, Mei, and Bhattarai (2004).…”

Section: Horticultural and Agronomic Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Cucurbits (Cucurbitaceae; Cucumis spp., Cucurbita spp., Citrullus spp.)

Lebeda¹,

Widrlechner²,

Staub³

et al. 2006

Genetic Resources Chromosome Engineering &Amp; Crop Improvement

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Section: Germplasm Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Germplasm Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Other Cultivated Generamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Horticultural and Agronomic Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Cucurbits (Cucurbitaceae; Cucumis spp., Cucurbita spp., Citrullus spp.)

Lebeda¹,

Widrlechner²,

Staub³

et al. 2006

Genetic Resources Chromosome Engineering &Amp; Crop Improvement

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“…Testing of the separate components of bitter gourd, peel, pulp, and seeds, showed that the pulp induced the highest levels of IFN-γ. Bitter gourd contains momordicin, a glucoside-like substance that can lower blood glucose [9]. Steroids extracted from charantin, a stigmasterol, are protein alkaloid complexes with insulin-like effects [12,13].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Induction of Interferon-Gamma (IFN-γ) and T Helper 1 (Th1) Immune Response by Bitter Gourd Extract

Ike

Uchida

Nakamura

et al. 2005

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. Mice were inoculated intraperitoneally wih 34 different types of vegetable juices, and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) were measured as markers for the induction of Th1 and Th2 cells, respectively. Serum IFN-γ level was markedly increased in mice inoculated with bitter gourd (Momordica charantia) juice, but IL-4 levels were not increased with any of the 34 vegetable juices. Testing of the various components of bitter gourd, including peel, pulp, and seed, showed that the pulp induced the highest levels of IFN-γ. Trial immunogen including the heat extract of the pulp induced specific IgG 2a antibody of the mice serum inoculated with this immunogen. These results demonstrate that bitter gourd pulp induced IFN-γ production and show its promise as a means of effective immunostimulatory therapy specific for Th1 cells and IFN-γ production. KEY WORDS: bitter gourd, interferon-gamma, Th1.J. Vet. Med. Sci. 67(5): 521-524, 2005 Immune function in mammals is a complex and important homeostasis mechanism involving a variety of white blood cells, such as B cells, T cells, natural killer (NK) cells, and phagocytes (macrophages and neutrophils). Recent studies have shown the importance of the balance of T helper 1 (Th1) and T helper 2 (Th2) cells in the host immune response to infection [11,14,15]. Normal mice usually have low susceptibility to Neospora caninum, but the interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) knockout mouse and the anti-IFN-γ antibody treated mouse are highly susceptible to infection with N. caninum [4,7]. This protozoa is an intracellular parasite, so in addition to humoral immunity mediated by antibodies and complement, activation of Th1 cellular immunity, primarily involving macrophages and neutrophils, is also important [1]. To prevent these types of intracellular parasitic infections, vaccines using parasite antigens or recombinant parasite antigens have been developed. However, these vaccines with only antigens are often insufficiently effective, so supplemental immune therapy with substances capable of inducing Th1 cellular immunity is necessary [5].Plant derived substances are often recognized as highly "foreign" by the host immune system. In other words, plant derived substances, by virtue of local accumulation and increase in immune cells, can have immunostimulatory effects [10]. In addition to parasite derived antigens in vaccines to control intracellular parasites, the use of immunostimulatory substances to control Th1 or Th2 cellular responses can dramatically increase the effectiveness of these vaccines.Therefore, we have focused on finding plant substances, particularly those of vegetables, capable of non-specifically inducing Th1 and Th2 cells.Experimental animals, 5-week-old female ddY mice, were purchased from Saitama Experimental Animal Supply Co. (Saitama, Japan).For the preparation of Propionibacterium acnes suspension, P. acnes was incubated in brain heart infusion broth (containing 0.03% L-cysteine and 0.03% Tween 80) (Difco, U.S.A.) by stationary culture at 37°C for 24 h...

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Bitter Gourd: Botany, Horticulture, Breeding

Behera

Bharathi

et al. 2010

Horticultural Reviews, Volume 37

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The vegetable Moinordica charontja L., CucurbitaCeae, is known variously as bitter gourd, balsam pear, bitter melon, bitter cucumber, and African cucumber (Heiser 1979). Although it has many culinary uses, especially in south, southeast and east Asia, it is also grown as an ornamental and is used extensively in folk medicine (Heiser 1979). The fruits are cooked with other vegetables, stuffed, stir-fried, or added in small quantities to beans and soups to provide a slightly bitter flavor. However, for most food preparation, fruits are blanched, parboiled, or soaked in salt water before cooking to reduce the bitter taste. In addition to frying or cooking (e.g., for curries), the fruits can be dehydrated, c

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Allozyme, Morphological And Nutritional Analysis Bearing On The Domestication of Momordica Charantia L. (Cucurbitaceae)

Cited by 38 publications

References 19 publications

Cucurbits (Cucurbitaceae; Cucumis spp., Cucurbita spp., Citrullus spp.)

Cucurbits (Cucurbitaceae; Cucumis spp., Cucurbita spp., Citrullus spp.)

Induction of Interferon-Gamma (IFN-γ) and T Helper 1 (Th1) Immune Response by Bitter Gourd Extract

Bitter Gourd: Botany, Horticulture, Breeding

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Allozyme, Morphological And Nutritional Analysis Bearing On The Domestication of Momordica Charantia L. (Cucurbitaceae)

Cited by 38 publications

References 19 publications

Cucurbits (Cucurbitaceae; Cucumis spp., Cucurbita spp., Citrullus spp.)

Cucurbits (Cucurbitaceae; Cucumis spp., Cucurbita spp., Citrullus spp.)

Induction of Interferon-Gamma (IFN-&gamma;) and T Helper 1 (Th1) Immune Response by Bitter Gourd Extract

Bitter Gourd: Botany, Horticulture, Breeding

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Induction of Interferon-Gamma (IFN-γ) and T Helper 1 (Th1) Immune Response by Bitter Gourd Extract