Allozyme polymorphism in diploid and polyploid populations of Galium

Samuel, Rosabelle; Pinsker, Wilhelm; Ehrendorfer, Friedrich

doi:10.1038/hdy.1990.106

Cited by 29 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Although many studies showed allozymes to be useful taxonomic marker (e.g., Samuel et al 1990;Bayer 1991;Hörandl 2004;Ruiz et al 2004), our allozymic results were rather incongruent with previously detected morphological variation of the Pilosella alpicola group (Šingliarová et al 2011). We propose two nonexclusive explanations for the low resolution of allozymes in the P. alpicola group: i) the group has diversified quite recently and the morphologically well differentiated taxa had insufficient time to accumulate taxon-specific mutations at the protein level.…”

Section: Correspondence Between Allozyme and Morphological Differenticontrasting

confidence: 56%

Allozyme Variation in Diploid, Polyploid and Mixed-Ploidy Populations of the Pilosella alpicola Group (Asteraceae): Relation to Morphology, Origin of Polyploids and Breeding System

et al. 2011

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The Pilosella alpicola group includes four species (P. alpicola s.str., P. ullepitschii, P. rhodopea and P. serbica) with allopatric distributions (Alps, Balkans, Carpathians) and contrasting cytotype patterns (diploid, diploid-polyploid and polyploid species). Whereas diploid taxa (P. ullepitschii and P. serbica) reproduce sexually, the mode of reproduction of polyploid cytotypes reflects their origin: autopolyploids of P. rhodopea reproduce sexually, while allopolyploid cytotypes of P. alpicola s.str. apomictically. We used allozymes to elucidate overall genetic variation within the group and to test their utility for taxon discrimination, assessment of polyploid origin and possible correlations with breeding systems. Variation of five allozyme systems encoded by eight polymorphic loci and 29 alleles was studied in 20 populations and 298 plants representing all taxa. Allozymes were proved to be only of limited usefulness for the taxonomic classification within the P. alpicola group. The Western Carpathian populations of P. ullepitschii formed the only genetically well-differentiated group. The same allele suite shared by all cytotypes of P. rhodopea and presence of both balanced and unbalanced heterozygotes in tetraploids was consistent with autopolyploid origins of polyploids and provided further evidence for a primary contact zone. An isolated relic population of P. rhodopea from the Southern Carpathians exhibited lowered values of genetic diversity when compared to the core area. Pronounced fixed heterozygosity was found in P. alpicola s.str., supporting its allopolyploid origin. In accordance with assumptions, genotypic variability was significantly higher in sexually reproducing diploid and diploid-polyploid taxa than in apomictic P. alpicola s.str.

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Section: Correspondence Between Allozyme and Morphological Differenticontrasting

confidence: 56%

Allozyme Variation in Diploid, Polyploid and Mixed-Ploidy Populations of the Pilosella alpicola Group (Asteraceae): Relation to Morphology, Origin of Polyploids and Breeding System

et al. 2011

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“…Second, the genetic changes accompanying polyploidization may confer a greater genetic and biochemical flexibility, as polyploid cells offer a greater diversity of primary and secondary metabolites and a greater diversity of metabolic pathways (Roose and Gottlieb 1976;Jay et al 1989;Samuel et al 1990;Dhawan and Lavania 1996). Enhanced diversity of metabolites has been suggested as a cause for greater stability of phenotypic expression in polyploids compared to diploids (Bingham 1980;Levin 1983).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Phenotypic Plasticity in Sympatric Diploid and Autotetraploid Dactylis glomerata

Bretagnolle

Thompson

2001

International Journal of Plant Sciences

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JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org.. The University of Chicago Press is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to International Journal of Plant Sciences.It is often supposed that increased heterozygosity of autopolyploids provides a greater stability of phenotypic expression compared with related diploids and, hence, a greater ability to survive in marginal diploid environments or the ability to colonize new environments. The aim of this study was to compare the phenotypic plasticity of fitness-related characters in diploid and derivative autotetraploid Dactylis glomerata from genotypes sampled in their zone of natural sympatric occurrence in northern Spain. To achieve this aim, nine genotypes were grown in a range of controlled environments. We found no evidence for consistent differences in plasticity between diploids and related tetraploids. We did find, however, consistent differences between diploids and tetraploids in the mean values of the set of examined fitness-related characters. Such differences could be critical for the maintenance and evolutionary success of polyploids.

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“…Selection, then, could be an important factor in shaping the degree of variation among independent polyploid lineages. The increase in heterozygosity, allelic diversity, and enzyme multiplicity often associated with polyploids (e.g., Roose and Gottlieb 1976;Levin 1983;Soltis and Rieseberg 1986;Wolf et al 1989;Samuel et al 1990;Ashton and Abbott 1992;Soltis andSoltis 1993, 1995) could accelerate the speed at which selection acts on floral traits in polyploids and among polyploid lineages.…”

Section: Differences Among Plants From Independent Autotetraploid Orimentioning

confidence: 99%

PLANT POLYPLOIDY AND POLLINATION: FLORAL TRAITS AND INSECT VISITS TO DIPLOID AND TETRAPLOID HEUCHERA GROSSULARIIFOLIA

1999

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Abstract.-In many polyploid species, polyploids often have different suites of floral traits and different flowering times than their diploid progenitor species. We hypothesized that such differences in floral traits in polyploids may subsequently affect their interactions with pollinating and other insect visitors. We measured floral morphology and flowering phenology in 14 populations of diploid and autotetraploid Heuchera grossulariifolia Rydb. (Saxifragaceae), determined if repeated evolution of independent polyploid lineages resulted in differentiation in floral morphology among those lineages, and ascertained if there was a consistent pattern of differentiation among genetically similar diploid and autotetraploid populations. In addition, we evaluated the differences in suites of floral visitors within a natural community where diploids and autotetraploids occur sympatrically. Overall, flowers of autotetraploid plants were larger and shaped differently than those of diploids, had a different flowering phenology than that of diploids, and attracted different suites of floral visitors. In comparison with flowers of diploids, tetraploid floral morphology varied widely from pronounced differences between cytotypes in some populations to similar flower shapes and sizes between ploidallevels in other populations. Observations of floral visitors to diploids and autotetraploids in a natural sympatric population demonstrated that the cytotypes had different suites of floral visitors and six of the 15 common visitors preferentially visited one ploidy more frequently. Moreover, we also found that floral morphology differed among independent auto tetraploid origins, but there was no consistent pattern of differentiation between genetically similar diploid and auto tetraploid populations. Hence, the results suggest that the process of polyploidization creates the potential for attraction of different suites of floral visitors. Multiple origins of polyploidy also presents the opportunity for new or different plant-insect interactions among independent polyploid lineages. These differences in turn may affect patterns of gene flow between diploids and polyploids and also among plants of independent polyploid origin. Polyploidy, therefore, may result in a geographic mosaic of interspecific interactions across a species' range, contributing to diversification in both plant and insect groups. The evolution of polyploidy has played a major role in the creation and maintenance of plant biodiversity (e.g., Thompson and Lumaret 1992;Soltis andSoltis 1993, 1995;Song et al. 1995;Goldblatt and Takei 1997). About one-half of all angiosperm species are thought to have polyploids in their lineages (Stebbins 1971;Averett 1980;DeWet 1980;Levin 1983;Masterson 1994), and within polyploid species, multiple origins of polyploidy are considered the rule ; reviewed in Soltis and Soltis 1993). The success of many polyploid taxa has been associated with numerous changes that may differentiate them from their diploid ancestors. For example, poly...

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Allozyme polymorphism in diploid and polyploid populations of Galium

Cited by 29 publications

References 34 publications

Allozyme Variation in Diploid, Polyploid and Mixed-Ploidy Populations of the Pilosella alpicola Group (Asteraceae): Relation to Morphology, Origin of Polyploids and Breeding System

Allozyme Variation in Diploid, Polyploid and Mixed-Ploidy Populations of the Pilosella alpicola Group (Asteraceae): Relation to Morphology, Origin of Polyploids and Breeding System

Phenotypic Plasticity in Sympatric Diploid and Autotetraploid Dactylis glomerata

PLANT POLYPLOIDY AND POLLINATION: FLORAL TRAITS AND INSECT VISITS TO DIPLOID AND TETRAPLOID HEUCHERA GROSSULARIIFOLIA

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