Allozyme variation in four populations of African whitebacked vultures (Gyps africanus) and phylogenetic relationships between four vulture species from southern Africa

Wyk, Erika van; Bank, Herman van der; Verdoorn, Gerhard H.

doi:10.1016/s0305-1978(00)00084-3

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…California condors possibly benefited from relaxed competition due to the extinction of other avian scavengers during the particularly abrupt megafaunal extinctions that occurred in North America during the Pleistocene-Holocene transition 13,59,60 . Contrary to our expectation, our neutrality tests and mismatch analysis suggested that the most widespread and common African vulture, the white-backed vulture 16 , also experienced a demographic expansion ~47 KYA, which is supported by previous studies showing high genetic diversity in historically large populations 61,62 . As with Andean condors, though, EBSP 95% highest posterior density of population changes overlapped zero (Supplementary Fig.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 49%

Demography of avian scavengers after Pleistocene megafaunal extinction

Perrig

Fountain

Lambertucci

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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The late Quaternary megafauna extinctions reshaped species assemblages, yet we know little about how extant obligate scavengers responded to this abrupt ecological change. To explore whether obligate scavengers persisted by depending on contemporary community linkages or via foraging flexibility, we tested the importance of the trophic interaction between pumas ( Puma concolor ) and native camelids ( Vicugna vicugna and Lama guanicoe ) for the persistence of Andean condors ( Vultur gryphus ) in southern South America, and compared the demographic history of three vultures in different continents. We sequenced and compiled mtDNA to reconstruct past population dynamics. Our results suggest that Andean condors increased in population size >10 KYA, whereas vicuñas and pumas showed stable populations and guanacos a recent (<10 KYA) demographic expansion, suggesting independent trajectories between species. Further, vultures showed positive demographic trends: white-backed vultures ( Gyps africanus ) increased in population size, matching attenuated community changes in Africa, and California condors ( Gymnogyps californianus ) exhibited a steep demographic expansion ~20 KYA largely concurrent with North American megafaunal extinctions. Our results suggest that dietary plasticity of extant vulture lineages allowed them to thrive despite historical environmental changes. This dietary flexibility, however, is now detrimental as it enhances risk to toxicological compounds harbored by modern carrion resources.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 49%

Demography of avian scavengers after Pleistocene megafaunal extinction

Perrig

Fountain

Lambertucci

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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“…Statistical analysis of morphometric parameters as well as other morphologic evidence in our study suggested there were few differences between the thrombocytes of the 2 species. It remains unclear whether the 2 species of vulture we examined are in fact phylogenetically different 17 . The results of this study nevertheless provide so far undescribed hematologic data on the thrombocytes of 2 distinct southern African vulture species.…”

Section: Morphometric Measurements Of Thrombocytes In 2 Species Of Smentioning

confidence: 73%

Thrombocyte morphology and morphometric observations in two vulture species

Plessis

Wilpe

2009

Veterinary Clinical Pathol

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“…We are, however, confident that the results obtained from the in vitro assay would be predictive for the CGV as the sequences were essentially identical for the two other vulture species. Further support for using the results of the AWBV comes from van Wyk et al (2001b), who showed high phylogenetic conservation between the AWBV and CGV. The results are also considered physiologically representative as the maximum response to E 2 was evident at a concentration of 1 Â 10 À10 M, which is lower than the maximum levels of 1 Â 10 À12 M reported in other in avians during normal reproduction (Johnson and van Tienhoven, 1980).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

The influence of non-toxic concentrations of DDT and DDE on the old world vulture estrogen receptor alpha

Naidoo

Katsu

Iguchi

2008

General and Comparative Endocrinology

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a b s t r a c tSeven of the nine vulture species in South Africa are listed as endangered on the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) red list. From these, the Cape Griffon vulture (Gyps corprotheres) is the most endangered species in the region. Although inadequate nutritional support has been blamed on the constant decline in populations, the process of vulture restaurants has failed to improve the population status over the last twenty years. One possible reason for the decline may be an underlying reproductive disorder as described in endocrine disruptive syndromes. Both DDT and p,p 0 -DDE have been detected previously at very high concentrations in the mid 1980s, with lower concentrations still being detectable as late as 2001. To establish the effect of DDT and DDE, the vulture estrogen receptor a (ERa) was sequenced from two species using 5 0 and 3 0 rapid amplification cDNA ends (RACE). Using transient transfected mammalian cell assays, vulture ERa estrogen-dependent transcription activity was validated using various estrogens and DDT derivatives. The receptor assay was sensitive to p,p 0 -DDT, o,p 0 -DDT and p,p 0 -DDE with EC 50 of 2.41 Â 10 À6 , 3.47 Â 10 À7 and 3.81 Â 10 À5 M. When compared to results obtained from human, zebrafish, chicken, salamander and turtle, the vulture ERa showed high sensitivity to o,p 0 -DDT and intermediately responsive to p,p 0 -DDE. Vulture ERa is, however, not responsive to the DDT and DDE levels reported in the plasma of vultures from the last population survey, indicating that the Southern African vulture are not currently exposed to disruptive levels of these contaminants.

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Allozyme variation in four populations of African whitebacked vultures (Gyps africanus) and phylogenetic relationships between four vulture species from southern Africa

Cited by 10 publications

References 52 publications

Demography of avian scavengers after Pleistocene megafaunal extinction

Demography of avian scavengers after Pleistocene megafaunal extinction

Thrombocyte morphology and morphometric observations in two vulture species

The influence of non-toxic concentrations of DDT and DDE on the old world vulture estrogen receptor alpha

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