Almond shell nanocellulose: Characterization and self-assembling into fibers, films, and aerogels

Fukuda, Juri; Hsieh, You‐Lo

doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2022.115188

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…The same TEMPO/blending of aqueous-extracted almond shell cellulose produced 5.2 nm wide, 1.2 nm thick, and ∼1 μm long CNFs at 92% yield, that is, similar 4.3 W/T lateral anisotropy, but higher 1.3 mmol/g (0.211 COOH/AGU) surface carboxyls and 61% C6 hydroxyl-to-carboxyl conversion. 42 Therefore, while the AH and shell from the same variety produced CNFs in similar dimensions and yields, the lesscrystalline AH (0.58 vs 0.66 CrI) produced CNFs with lower crystallinity (0.47 vs 0.59 CrI), surface carboxyl (0.91 vs 1.3 mmol/g), and C6 hydroxyl-to-carboxyl conversion (23 vs 61%) in comparison to almond shell CNF from the same TEMPO/blending process. 7e,f).…”

Section: Solid-statementioning

confidence: 99%

“…By comparison, aqueous-extracted (NaClO 2 /KOH) cellulose from the almond shell showed a 7% decrease from 0.66 to 0.59 CrI for CNFs following identical TEMPO/blending. 42 Characterization of Nanofibril Dimensions. The dimensions of CNFs were determined by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and TEM.…”

Section: Solid-statementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nanocelluloses have most commonly been produced from wood pulp . Recently, the list of nanocelluloses from lignocellulosic biomass has expanded significantly to include coconut husk, cotton linter, grape skin, tomato peel, rice straw, − ginger fiber wastes, sugarcane bagasse, , corn husks, almond shell, hop stems, and numerous other agricultural crop residues and byproducts. Finding applications for such unutilized or under-utilized biomass is increasingly recognized to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) outputs by, first, preventing these feedstocks from ending up in waste streams where they could decompose into methane, a very potent GHG.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cellulose and Lignocellulose Nanofibrils and Amphiphilic and Wet-Resilient Aerogels with Concurrent Sugar Extraction from Almond Hulls

Patterson

Orts²,

McManus³

et al. 2022

ACS Agric. Sci. Technol.

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With downward pressure on the value of almond hulls (AHs), the major byproduct from the largest tree nut crop globally, the streamlined production of several grades of cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) toward novel aerogels with concurrent sugar extraction was introduced to synergistically drive these products toward commercial adoption. Hot water extraction produced 50% lignocellulose (LC) with equal water-soluble sugars from AH of a soft-shell variety. Aqueous NaOH and NaClO 2 /KOH treatments isolated ca. 15% alkali cellulose and 12% cellulose, respectively. Coupled 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO) oxidation and blending yielded 88, 91, and 95% LC micro-/nanofibrils (LCMNFs), alkali cellulose nanofibrils (ACNFs), and cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) with, respectively, 0.76, 1.02, and 0.84 mmol/g surface carboxyls in a similar 4:1 width-to-thickness aspect ratio and ultrahigh length-to-thickness aspect ratios (800−1900). The LCMNF aerogel was mostly wet-resilient, wet-stable, and dry/wet shape-recoverable, whereas the most charged ACNFs gave the stiffest aerogel [31.6 kPa/(mg/cm 3 )].

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Section: Solid-statementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Solid-statementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cellulose and Lignocellulose Nanofibrils and Amphiphilic and Wet-Resilient Aerogels with Concurrent Sugar Extraction from Almond Hulls

Patterson

Orts²,

McManus³

et al. 2022

ACS Agric. Sci. Technol.

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“…The presence of charges in the fabrication and dispersion of nanocelluloses is well recognized and has been extensively studied in CNFs by 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl piperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO)-mediated oxidation . To process or convert TEMPO-oxidized CNFs (TO-CNFs) into solids, a significant quantity of water must be removed where the concentration, − degrees of oxidation, , surface charge, , and protonation − have been shown to influence their structures and, in particular, their wet mechanical properties and performances. ,, …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protonation of Surface Carboxyls on Rice Straw Cellulose Nanofibrils: Effect on the Aerogel Structure, Modulus, Strength, and Wet Resiliency

et al. 2023

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Rice straw cellulose nanofibrils from the optimal 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl oxidation/blending process carrying 1.17 mmol/g surface carboxyls were protonated to varying charged (COO − Na + ) and uncharged (COOH) surfaces. Reducing the electrostatic repulsion of surface charges by protonation with hydrochloric acid from 11 to 45 and 100% surface carboxylic acid most prominently reduced the aerogel densities from 8.0 to 6.6 and 5.2 mg/cm 3 while increasing the mostly open cell pore volumes from 125 to 152 and 196 mL/g. Irrespective of charge levels, all aerogels were amphiphilic, super-absorptive, stable at pH 2 for up to 30 days, and resilient for up to 10 repetitive squeezing-absorption cycles. While these aerogels exhibited densitydependent dry [11.3 to 1.5 kPa/(mg/cm 3 )] and reduced wet [3.3 to 1.4 kPa/(mg/cm 3 )] moduli, the absorption of organic liquids stiffened the saturated aerogels. These data support protonation as a critical yet simple approach toward precise control of aerogels' dry and wet properties.

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“…At present, there have been some reports on aerogels from CNF produced from agricultural and forestry wastes. Fukuda et al used almond shell as raw material to prepare a CNF aqueous suspension by the TEMPO oxidation method, and then obtained aerogel by the freeze-drying method with porosity as high as 99.9% [ 16 ]. Hosseini et al prepared a CNF suspension from date palm waste and obtained aerogel with heavy metal adsorption capacity by the freeze-drying method [ 17 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Green Preparation of Durian Rind-Based Cellulose Nanofiber and Its Application in Aerogel

et al. 2022

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In this study, a green, highly efficient and low energy consumption preparation method of cellulose nanofiber (CNF) was developed by using agricultural and forestry waste durian rinds as raw materials. The power of ultrasonic treatment was successfully reduced to only 360 W with low molecular weight liquid DMSO. The obtained durian rind-based CNF had a diameter of 8–20 nm and a length of several micrometers. It had good dispersion and stability in water, and could spontaneously cross-link to form hydrogel at room temperature when the concentration was more than 0.5%. The microscopic morphology and compressive properties of CNF aerogels and composite cellulose aerogels prepared from durian rind-based CNF were evaluated. It was found that CNF could effectively prevent the volume shrinkage of aerogel, and the concentration of CNF had a significant effect on the microstructure and mechanical properties of aerogel. The CNF aerogel with 1% CNF exhibited a sheet structure braced by fibers, which had the strongest compression performance. The porosity of CNF aerogels was high to 99%. The compressive strength of the composite cellulose aerogel with durian rind-based CNF was effectively enhanced.

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Almond shell nanocellulose: Characterization and self-assembling into fibers, films, and aerogels

Cited by 8 publications

References 43 publications

Cellulose and Lignocellulose Nanofibrils and Amphiphilic and Wet-Resilient Aerogels with Concurrent Sugar Extraction from Almond Hulls

Cellulose and Lignocellulose Nanofibrils and Amphiphilic and Wet-Resilient Aerogels with Concurrent Sugar Extraction from Almond Hulls

Protonation of Surface Carboxyls on Rice Straw Cellulose Nanofibrils: Effect on the Aerogel Structure, Modulus, Strength, and Wet Resiliency

Green Preparation of Durian Rind-Based Cellulose Nanofiber and Its Application in Aerogel

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