Aloe‐emodin: A review of its pharmacology, toxicity, and pharmacokinetics

Dong, Xiaoxv; Zeng, Yawen; Liu, Yi; You, Longtai; Yin, Xingbin; Fu, Jing; Ni, Jian

doi:10.1002/ptr.6532

Cited by 338 publications

(122 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…In order to evaluate the quality and standard of preparations of BO, we detected and analyzed eight quality marker components in BO by HPLC, which contained aloe emodin, emodin, rhein, chrysophanol, ferulic acid, lobetyolin, asarinin, and borneol. The active compounds aloe emodin, emodin, rhein, and chrysophanol were reported to be quality markers of Rheum palmatum L. with antiinflammatory activity and to promote wound healing, and their pathways of action may be involved in the proliferation and differentiation of skin epithelial cells through the regulation of PI3K/AKT pathway (Dong et al, 2016;Wu et al, 2017;Dong et al, 2019;Su et al, 2020). Ferulic acid is a quality marker of Angelica sinensis (Oliv.)…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Burn Ointment Promotes Cutaneous Wound Healing by Modulating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathway

Gan

et al. 2021

Front. Pharmacol.

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Burn ointment (BO) is a clinically useful medicine for the treatment of burns and scalds. However, there is no enough scientific evidence to report the effect of BO on wound healing and its analgesic and anti-inflammatory efficacy. The aim of this work was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and analgesic efficacy of BO and to reveal the potential wound healing properties and related mechanisms of BO. In this work, the content of active ingredients of BO was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Two animal models of inflammation were used to study its anti-inflammatory activity, and a hot plate method was used to evaluate its analgesic effect. In addition, mouse incision and rat burn models were used to investigate the effect of BO on the anti-inflammatory and wound healing mechanisms. The results showed that BO was safe for topical application, and BO could significantly inhibit auricular swelling in mice and paw swelling in rats and significantly prolong the latency period of paw licking in the hot plate experiment in mice. It can also accelerate wound healing and repair scars by promoting the formation of new epithelial tissues in rat burn models. In addition, BO significantly downregulated the serum level of TNF-α and significantly increased the serum levels of VEGF and TGF-β1. Also, BO promoted the expression of collagen I and increased the ratio in p-PI3K/PI3K, p-AKT/AKT, and p-mTOR/mTOR pathways. Our results demonstrate the safety and efficacy of BO and suggest that activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway may play an important role in the promotion of wound healing by BO.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Burn Ointment Promotes Cutaneous Wound Healing by Modulating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathway

Gan

et al. 2021

Front. Pharmacol.

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“…Consequently, they may probably be vital multifunctional active compounds of SXD against T2DM. It is well known that both quercetin [ 31 – 33 ] and aloe-emodin [ 34 ] exhibit a wide range of biological effects, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, and especially the protective effect on T2DM. Youl et al [ 35 ] reported that quercetin could significantly increase insulin secretion via ERK1/2 phosphorylation in INS-1 cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elucidation of the Mechanisms and Molecular Targets of Sanhuang Xiexin Decoction for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Based on Network Pharmacology

et al. 2020

BioMed Research International

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Sanhuang Xiexin Decoction (SXD) is commonly used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in clinical practice of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). In order to elucidate the specific analysis mechanisms of SXD for T2DM, the method of network pharmacology was applied to this article. First, the effective ingredients of SXD were obtained and their targets were identified based on the TCMSP database. The T2DM-related targets screened from the GEO database were also collected by comparing the differential expressed genes between T2DM patients and healthy individuals. Then, the common targets in SXD-treated T2DM were obtained by intersecting the putative targets of SXD and the differential expressed genes of T2DM. And the protein–protein interaction (PPI) network was established using the above common targets to screen key genes through protein interactions. Meanwhile, these common targets were used for GO and KEGG analyses to further elucidate how they exert antidiabetic effects. Finally, a gene pathway network was established to capture the core one in common targets enriched in the major pathways to further illustrate the role of specific genes. Based on the data obtained, a total of 67 active compounds and 906 targets of SXD were identified. Four thousand one hundred and seventy-six differentially expressed genes with a P value < 0.005 and ∣log2fold change∣>0.5 were determined between T2DM patients and control groups. After further screening, thirty-seven common targets related to T2DM in SXD were finally identified. Through protein interactions, the top 5 genes (YWHAZ, HNRNPA1, HSPA8, HSP90AA1, and HSPA5) were identified. It was found that the functional annotations of target genes were associated with oxygen levels, protein kinase regulator, mitochondria, and so on. The top 20 pathways including the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, cancers, HIF-1 signaling pathway, and JAK-STAT signaling pathway were significantly enriched. CDKN1A was shown to be the core gene in the gene-pathway network, and other several genes such as CCND1, ERBB2, RAF1, EGF, and VEGFA were the key genes for SXD against T2DM. Based on the network pharmacology approach, we identified key genes and pathways related to the prognosis and pathogenesis of T2DM and also provided a feasible method for further studying the chemical basis and pharmacology of SXD.

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“…In the past few decades, many studies have reported that natural medicine has many advantages in the treatment of cancer [17][18][19]. Aloe-emodin is an anthraquinone compound widely found in plants such as Rheum palmatum L, Aloe, and has signi cant anti-in ammatory, analgesic, and anti-swelling effects [20]. Aloe-emodin has anti-cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis effects in many cancer cells [21,22]and aloe-emodin can cross HT-29 cellular membranes and pass through the intestinal layer [23].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Mechanism of Aloe-emodin in the Treatment of Colon Cancer based on Network Pharmacological Analysis

Jiang

Ding

Mao

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Colon cancer is a malignant gastrointestinal tumor with a high incidence, high mortality and high metastasis in the world. Aloe-emodin is a monomer compound derived from hydroxyanthraquinone. It makes a wide range of anti-tumor effects and exists in Rhubarb, Aloe, and other plants. However, the mechanism of aloe-emodin against colon cancer still not clear. Here, we predict the potential targets and mechanisms of aloe-emodin based on network pharmacology analysis. Methods: First, determine the intersection target of aloe-emodin and colon cancer, analyze and construct PPI, Gene Ontology, and KEGG pathway analysis. In addition, we selected apoptosis pathways for experimental verification including cell viability determination, cell proliferation, caspase-3 activity determination, DAPI staining, cell cycle determination and western blot to evaluate the apoptosis effect of aloe-emodin on colon cancer cells.Results: The MTT assay and cell colony experiment showed that AE inhibited cell proliferation (P<0.01). DAPI staining confirmed that AE induced apoptosis. AE activates caspase-3, caspase-9 and Bax and down-regulates the expression of Bcl-2. Furthermore, the expression level of cytochrome C protein increased in a time-dependent manner in the cytoplasm but fell in a time-dependent manner in the mitochondria.Conclusion: These results indicate that aloe-emodin may induce apoptosis of human colon cancer cells through mitochondrial related pathways.

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Aloe‐emodin: A review of its pharmacology, toxicity, and pharmacokinetics

Cited by 338 publications

References 86 publications

Burn Ointment Promotes Cutaneous Wound Healing by Modulating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathway

Burn Ointment Promotes Cutaneous Wound Healing by Modulating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathway

Elucidation of the Mechanisms and Molecular Targets of Sanhuang Xiexin Decoction for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Based on Network Pharmacology

The Mechanism of Aloe-emodin in the Treatment of Colon Cancer based on Network Pharmacological Analysis

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