Aloe-emodin induces apoptosis in human oral squamous cell carcinoma SCC15 cells

Abstract

BackgroundOral and pharyngeal cancer is the most common malignant human cancers. Chemotherapy is an effective approach for anti-oral cancer therapy, while the drug tolerance and resistance remain a problem for oral cancer patients. Aloe-emodin, rhein and physcion are classified as anthraquinones, which are the main pharmacodynamic ingredients of Rheum undulatum L.. This study was undertaken to investigate whether aloe-emodin, rhein and physcion show inhibiting growth and inducing apoptosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma SCC15 cells. We found that aloe-emodin show inhibiting growth and inducing apoptosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma SCC15 cells, we also investigated the underlying mechanisms of apoptosis induced by aloe-emodin.MethodsThiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT) test was used to detect cell proliferation. Cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. We also used western blot analysis to detect the potential mechanisms of apoptosis.ResultsAloe-emodin, rhein and physcion inhibit the proliferation of SCC15 cells and the order of inhibition level are aloe-emodin > Rhein > Physcion, the half maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) value of aloe-emodin was 60.90 μM at 48 h of treatment. Aloe-emodin treatment resulted in a time- and dose-dependent decrease in cell viability and increased the apoptotic cell ratio. The results of western blotting showed the expression levels of caspase-9 and caspase-3 proteins increased following aloe-emodin treatment.ConclusionsOur results revealed that aloe-emodin treatment could inhibit cell viability of SCC15 cells and the potential mechanism of inhibition might be through the induction of apoptosis by regulation of the expression levels of caspase-9 and caspase-3. This indicates that aloe-emodin may be a good agent for anti-oral cancer drug exploring.

Naturally occurring anti-cancer compounds: shining from Chinese herbal medicine

“…Aloe-emodin is a derivate of emodin, which exhibits superior bioactivities in some cancers. It can inhibit cell proliferation through caspase-3 and caspase-9 activation in human oral squamous cell carcinoma SCC-15 cells [398], and induce apoptosis in human cervical cancer HeLa and SiHa cells, which is associated with glucose metabolism [399]. Another derivative of emodin, rhein, can also induce apoptosis in human pancreatic cancer Panc-1 cells, and inhibit tumor growth in pancreatic cancer xenograft mice [400].…”

Pharmacokinetics of Linezolid Dose Adjustment for Creatinine Clearance in Critically Ill Patients: A Multicenter, Prospective, Open-Label, Observational Study

“…Its property of low protein binding (~27%) and wide distribution achieved high concentrations in infected organs, such as the lungs, brain, and skin. 5,6 As a time-dependent antibiotic, the area under the curve of 0-24 h at steadystate divided by the minimum inhibitory concentration (AUC 24 /MIC) >80 and the percentage of time that the plasma concentrations surpass the MIC (%T >MIC >85%) were often used as pharmacodynamic (PD) indices [7][8][9][10] ). The steady-state trough concentrations (C ss,min ) of LNZ in the range of 2-10 mg/L were also associated with clinical response and adverse effects.…”

Anti-Cancer Effect of 3-Hydroxy-β-Ionone Identified from Moringa oleifera Lam. Leaf on Human Squamous Cell Carcinoma 15 Cell Line

“…Arabinogalactan and curcumin have been extensively studied for their anti-cancer properties and both natural products decreased cell growth and significantly increased Bax/Bcl2 ratio as well as cleaved-caspase3 level in MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells [ 8 ]. Aloe-emodin derived from Rheum undulatum L. inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis via activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3 in SCC15 cells [ 27 ]. Our results showed that 3-HBI derived from MO leaf extract inhibited SCC15 cell growth and triggered apoptosis via over-expression of cleaved caspase-3 and Bax, which down-regulated the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2.…”