Along-strike variations in the thermal and tectonic response of the continental Ecuadorian Andes to the collision with heterogeneous oceanic crust

Spikings, Richard; Winkler, Wilfried; Seward, Diane; Handler, Robert

doi:10.1016/s0012-821x(01)00225-4

Cited by 151 publications

(174 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Therefore, it reflects the continuous and accelerating uplift of the source area, which is corroborated by the widespread uplift of the Cordillera Real identified between 70 and 50 Ma (Spikings et al, 2001;Ruiz et al, 2002). Deposition of the Gallo Rumi conglomerates may be a consequence of the Late Paleocene accretion of the Piñón oceanic terrane of southern coastal Ecuador (Fig.…”

Section: Discussion Geodynamic Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…9). This conclusion is strongly supported (1) by the high deformation recorded by the pelagic cherts and Yunguilla Formation with respect to the overlying Paleocene-Eocene deposits, (2) by the fact that the Cordillera Real of Ecuador underwent a strong thermal event between 75 and 60 Ma (Aspden et al, 1992;Litherland et al, 1994) and a rapid uplift around 70-65 Ma (Spikings et al, 2001), and (3) by the extensive sedimentary hiatus of Late Maastrichtian age recorded in the margin of northern Peru and Ecuador (Jaillard et al, in press). The thick line corresponds to major unconformities and to the appearance of detrital quartz in the oceanic units, and is therefore interpreted as the accretion date of the latter to the Andean margin.…”

Section: Discussion Geodynamic Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…However, the nature, age and accretion date of these oceanic terranes are poorly known and still debated. According to various authors, accretions took place in the Campanian (Lebrat et al, 1987;Aspden et al, 1992;Hughes and Pilatasig, 2002), the Late Paleocene (Daly, 1989;Jaillard et al, 1995;Reynaud et al, 1999), and/or the Eocene (Feininger and Bristow, 1980;Egüez, 1986;Bourgois et al, 1990;Spikings et al, 2001;Kerr et al, 2002). Most authors agree that the Cordillera Occidental of central Ecuador comprises a western island arc terrane (Macuchi terrane, Kehrer and Van der Kaaden, 1979;Baldock, 1982;Egüez, 1986;Hughes and Pilatasig, 2002), and an eastern oceanic terrane of oceanic floor to oceanic plateau nature (Lebrat et al, 1987; Pallatanga terrane of McCourt et al, 1998;Hughes and Pilatasig, 2002;Kerr et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stratigraphy of the late Cretaceous–Paleogene deposits of the cordillera occidental of central ecuador: geodynamic implications

Jaillard

Ordóñez²,

Suárez³

et al. 2004

Journal of South American Earth Sciences

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Two accreted oceanic terranes are classically recognized in the Cordillera Occidental of Central Ecuador, the Macuchi island arc to the West, and the Pallatanga oceanic terrane to the East. Detailed stratigraphic studies of the sedimentary cover of the "Pallatanga terrane" show that it actually comprises two terranes. During the late Campanian-early Maastrichtian, the eastern terrane received partially continent-derived turbidites, demonstrating that it was accreted to the Andean margin before mid Campanian times, i.e. 85-80 Ma ago. Meanwhile, the western terrane received fine-grained, pelagic siliceous black cherts indicating that it still belonged to the oceanic realm during mid Campanian-Maastrichtian times. Both series are unconformably overlain by a thick, coarsening upward siliciclastic series of Paleocene age, demonstrating that the western terrane accreted to the eastern one during the late Maastrichtian (≈ 69-65 Ma). The thick Paleocene clastic series recorded the uplift of the Eastern Cordillera, which was triggered by the latter accretion, and enhanced by the Late Paleocene accretion (≈ 58 Ma) of the Piñón oceanic terrane of southern coastal Ecuador.

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Section: Discussion Geodynamic Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 78%

Section: Discussion Geodynamic Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stratigraphy of the late Cretaceous–Paleogene deposits of the cordillera occidental of central ecuador: geodynamic implications

Jaillard

Ordóñez²,

Suárez³

et al. 2004

Journal of South American Earth Sciences

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“…Modified from Hussong (1980). seismic ridges or the collision of fracture zones may generate changes in the regional stress state of the overriding plate, and localized tectonics in the Andean orogen (Pilger 1984;Ramos and Kay 1992;Gutscher et al 2000;Spikings et al 2001Spikings et al , 2008Ramos 2005;Breitsprecher and Thorkelson 2009;Folguera and Ramos 2009). …”

Section: Subduction Parameters In the Andesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The tectonic regime along the Andes: Present‐day and Mesozoic regimes

Ramos¹

2009

Geological Journal

230

139

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The analyses of the main parameters controlling the present Chile-type and Marianas-type tectonic settings developed along the eastern Pacific region show four different tectonic regimes: (1) a nearly neutral regime in the Oregon subduction zone; (2) major extensional regimes as the Nicaragua subduction zone developed in continental crust; (3) a Marianas setting in the Sandwich subduction zone with ocean floored back-arc basin with a unique west-dipping subduction zone and (4) the classic and dominant Chile-type under compression. The magmatic, structural and sedimentary behaviours of these four settings are discussed to understand the past tectonic regimes in the Mesozoic Andes based on their present geological and tectonic characteristics. The evaluation of the different parameters that governed the past and present tectonic regimes indicates that absolute motion of the upper plate relative to the hotspot frame and the consequent trench roll-back velocity are the first order parameters that control the deformation. Locally, the influences of the trench fill, linked to the dominant climate in the forearc, and the age of the subducted oceanic crust, have secondary roles. Ridge collisions of seismic and seismic oceanic ridges as well as fracture zone collisions have also a local outcome, and may produce an increase in coupling that reinforces compressional deformation. Local strain variations in the past and present Andes are not related with changes in the relative convergence rate, which is less important than the absolute motion relative to the Pacific hotspot frame, or changes in the thermal state of the upper plate. Changes in the slab dip, mainly those linked to steepening subduction zones, produce significant variations in the thermal state, that are important to generate extreme deformation in the foreland.

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“…1), systematic sampling and analysis of magmatic rocks (Reynaud et al 1999;Lapierre et al 2000;Kerr et al 2002;Mamberti et al 2003Mamberti et al , 2004, associated with radiometric dating (Spikings et al 2001(Spikings et al , 2005Vallejo et al 2006) and stratigraphic and sedimentological studies Toro & Jaillard 2005) allowed to recognise several tectonic units and to refine their Late Cretaceous and Paleogene, pre-to post-accretion, evolution. Two oceanic plateaus have been identified, each one overlain by more differenciated lavas and volcaniclastic deposits of island arc affinity (Fig.…”

Section: Fig 1: Geological Map Of Western Ecuador (Simplified Frommentioning

confidence: 99%

Accreted oceanic terranes in Ecuador: southern edge of the Caribbean Plate?

Jaillard

Lapierre²,

Ordóñez

et al. 2009

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The western part of Ecuador is made from several oceanic terranes, which comprise two oceanic plateaus, of Early (c. 120 Ma) and Late Cretaceous age (c. 90 Ma), respectively. The older oceanic plateau was accreted to the Andean margin in the Late Campanian (c. 75 Ma). Fragments of the Turonian–Coniacian plateau were accreted to the Ecuadorian margin in the Late Maastrichtian (c. 68 Ma, Guaranda terrane) and Late Paleocene (c. 58 Ma, Piñón–Naranjal terrane). The Guaranda terrane received either fine-grained oceanic sediments of Coniacian–Maastrichtian age, or island arc/back-arc volcanic suites of Middle Campanian–Middle Maastrichtian age. The Piñón–Naranjal terrane recorded a comparable history, completed in the Maastrichtian–Paleocene, either by pelagic cherts, or by island arc products (Macuchi arc). The Late Cretaceous plateau of Ecuador is interpreted as part of the Caribbean oceanic plateau (COP), because their evolutions are comparable. If so, the COP was not formed by the Galápagos hotspot, but on the Farallón oceanic plate, south of Ecuador and close to the South American margin. The COP belonged to the Farallón plate, until a subduction zone separated both plates in the Middle Campanian, giving way to a well-developed Mid Campanian–Mid Maastrichtian island arc. Accretion in the Late Maastrichtian triggered a change in the subduction system, and the development of a new arc system of Late Maastrichtian–Late Paleocene age, which crosscut the South America–COP plate boundary. The last accretion occurred in the Late Paleocene.

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Along-strike variations in the thermal and tectonic response of the continental Ecuadorian Andes to the collision with heterogeneous oceanic crust

Cited by 151 publications

References 35 publications

Stratigraphy of the late Cretaceous–Paleogene deposits of the cordillera occidental of central ecuador: geodynamic implications

Stratigraphy of the late Cretaceous–Paleogene deposits of the cordillera occidental of central ecuador: geodynamic implications

The tectonic regime along the Andes: Present‐day and Mesozoic regimes

Accreted oceanic terranes in Ecuador: southern edge of the Caribbean Plate?

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