Alopecia areata: Clinical presentation, diagnosis, and unusual cases

Finner, Andreas M.

doi:10.1111/j.1529-8019.2011.01413.x

Cited by 131 publications

(116 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The trichotillomania plaque includes broken and irregular coiled hair and hair density is decreased. Black dots, follicular hemorrhages and V-sign may be seen [11]. Trichoscopy is very useful in the differential diagnosis of trichotillomania from alopecia areata where exclamation mark hairs, yellow dots and proximal tapering hairs could be seen, in contrast with trichotillomania where trichoptilosis, pointed hairs, flame hairs, V-sign, hook hairs, hair powder, follicular microhemorrhage and tulip hairs are more characteristic.…”

Section: Dermoscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Trichotillomania and Traction Alopecia

Uzunçakmak¹,

Kayıran²,

Tekin³

et al. 2017

Hair and Scalp Disorders

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Trichotillomania and traction alopecia are chronic habitual disorders characterized by repetitive pulling of hair that results in alopecia. They are commonly observed in children and adolescents but may present in adults due to occupational or traditional behavioral patterns. Trichotillomania (hair-pulling disorder) has been described more than a century ago, but we still have very limited data about its etiology and treatment. It is classified under the obsessive-compulsive and related disorders along with hoarding disorder, skin-picking disorder (excoriation) and body dysmorphic disorder in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5; American Psychiatric Association, May 2013). Traction alopecia is defined as loss of hair caused by repetitive or continuous and prolonged tension applied to the hair, usually on the scalp periphery and associated with mechanical traction of hair due to occupational behavioral patterns such as ballerinas or traditional behavioral patterns of hairstyles that cause tension. We aim to overview the clinical and diagnostic features of trichotillomania and traction alopecia and review the therapeutic options of these disorders in this chapter.

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Section: Dermoscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Trichotillomania and Traction Alopecia

Uzunçakmak¹,

Kayıran²,

Tekin³

et al. 2017

Hair and Scalp Disorders

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“…A band-like pattern involving occipital scalp is called ophiasis type of alopecia areata. The very rare ophiasis inversus, also called sisaipho type, presents with hair loss in the central scalp, resembling androgenetic alopecia [12]. Another unusual variant, perinevoid alopecia, is reported as presenting with alopecia patches around the nevi [13].…”

Section: Clinical Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The affected skin has a normal appearance with visible follicular orifices. Rarely, a soft edematous infiltration can be felt upon palpation and a peachy or reddened coloration can be observed [12]. Any hair-bearing site may be affected [1].…”

Section: Clinical Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Alopecia Areata

Engın¹,

Oba²,

Tüzün³

2017

Hair and Scalp Disorders

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Alopecia areata is an organ-specific autoimmune disease targeting hair follicles. It causes nonscarring hair loss. The prevalence rate of the disease is approximately 1 in 1000 people worldwide. The condition is most commonly seen as circular areas of hair loss, but it may sometimes be as extensive as to involve the whole scalp or whole body. The complex pathophysiology of alopecia areata involves an autoimmune basis. Association of alopecia areata with other autoimmune diseases, such as thyroiditis and vitiligo, and the good response of patients to immunosuppressive treatment support an autoimmune etiology. Although some poor prognostic signs are defined, the course of the disease is unpredictable and the response to treatment can be variable. To date, there are neither preventive nor curative measures to deal with the condition. First-line therapy for patchy disease is topical and intralesional steroids, whereas extensive disease is conventionally managed with immunotherapy. New treatment agents, such as excimer laser, low-dose recombinant interleukin 2, Janus kinase inhibitors, and simvastatin/ezetimibe, are promising.

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“…2 It affects children as well as adults, and hair of all colors. 3 There is generally no sex predilection, but …”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Alopecia Areata: An Update

Jerajani¹,

Rohatgi²,

Agrawal³

2017

MGM Journal of Medical Sciences

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Alopecia areata (AA) is a very common autoimmune disease that leads to unpredictable, relapsing patchy hair loss. Its chronic pathophysiology is still not fully understood. Hair follicles are not destroyed permanently due to which the potential for regrowth of hair is retained for many years, and is possibly lifelong. Clinical presentation varies from small alopecia patches most commonly on the scalp to full body involvement. Characteristic "swarm of bees" appearance on histopathology is confirmatory in acute cases. A variety of therapeutic options are available, but search for new modalities continues as there is a high relapse rate and a number of side effects associated with the available treatment options.

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Alopecia areata: Clinical presentation, diagnosis, and unusual cases

Cited by 131 publications

References 17 publications

Trichotillomania and Traction Alopecia

Trichotillomania and Traction Alopecia

Alopecia Areata

Alopecia Areata: An Update

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