Alpha-amylase, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities of Eucheuma denticulatum (N.L. Burman) F.S. Collins and Hervey

Abstract

Eucheuma denticulatum is a red edible seaweed that grows in the East Malaysia coastal region. The objective of this study was to investigate the α-amylase, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of E. denticulatum ethanol extract and its three fractions (n-hexane, ethyl acetate and acetone). α-Amylase activity was assessed by dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) assay, while the antioxidant property was determined by oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) analysis. The anti-inflammatory effects of the seaweed samples were evaluated by nitric oxide (NO), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1 (IL-1), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) activities on the interferon-gamma/lipopolysaccharide (IFN-γ/LPS)-stimulated murine macrophage cell line (RAW 264.7) using Griess reaction and immunoassays, respectively. At 10 mg mL −1 , E. denticulatum ethanol extract and three fractions inhibited α-amylase activities at variable levels. The highest (67 %) inhibition of α-amylase enzyme was by the ethanol crude extract. The three fractions showed inhibition with a mean of 42 %. Crude ethanol extracts also exhibited higher antioxidant capacity (36,400 ±23.5 mol Trolox equivalent (TE) (100 g) −1 ) when compared to the fractions. Crude extract and fractions (1-100 μg mL −1 ), also exhibited anti-inflammatory activity without showing any cytotoxic effect to RAW 264.7 cells. The present study suggests that E. denticulatum has the potential to be a promising source of effective functional metabolite. An extensive research on the edible varieties would contribute to a better understanding of their importance as functional food.

Antioxidant Activities of Eucheuma sp. (Rhodophyceae) and Laminaria sp. (Phaeophyceae)

“…Also, this red seaweed is cultivated for its hydrocolloids (Santos, 1989). In addition, it contains high amounts of dietary fibers, minerals, vitamins, antioxidants, polyphenols, phytochemicals, proteins, and polyunsaturated fatty acids (Matanjun et al, 2009;Balasubramaniam et al, 2016;Wardani et al, 2017). Eucheuma species traditionally used in Chinese herbal medicine to treat goiter, cough, bronchitis, tonsillitis, asthma with excessive phlegm, stomach ailments, hemorrhoids and anal fistulas (Chengkui and Junfu, 1984).…”

Carotenoid composition and antioxidant potential of Eucheuma denticulatum, Sargassum polycystum and Caulerpa lentillifera

“…To date, information regarding the bioactive components present in the Malaysian local seaweeds remain insufficient. The current work is a continuation of our previous research [ 4 , 5 ]. These studies reported that the ethanol extracts of E. denticulatum manifest anti-diabetic, anti-obesity and anti-inflammatory properties.…”

“…The seaweeds ( E. denticulatum, S. polycystum and C. lentillifera ) were collected from the coast of Sabah with the assistance of the Aquaculture Division, Department of Fisheries, Malaysia. Samples were processed immediately upon arrival at the Institute for Medical Research, Malaysia, as previously discussed [ 4 , 5 ]. Briefly, the collected seaweed samples were cleaned thoroughly to remove epiphytes, salt and sand using tap water and finally rinsed with deionized water three times before being cut into small pieces.…”

“…In addition, seaweeds are increasingly recognized for their health promoting benefits, leading to a growing interest and number of utilization in the nutraceutical, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries [ 3 ]. Previous studies have further shown that seaweed-derived extracts and compounds possess many interesting bioactivities, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anti-obesity and anti-cancer properties [ 4 , 5 , 6 ]. The observed activities could partly be contributed by the range of antioxidant compounds found in seaweeds [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ].…”

Free-Radical Scavenging Activity (FRSA) of Secondary Metabolite Extracted from Indonesian Eucheuma spinosum

“…Recently, many studies have been reported other functionality of secondary metabolites from E. spinosum which could be a potential source. The secondary metabolites are used as an anti-oxidative compound [9,10,11,12], anti-bacterial [13], anti-tumor [14], anti-hypercholesterolemic [15], anti-inflammation and amylase inhibition activity [16]. The secondary metabolite compounds contained in E. spinosum are alkaloids [17], flavonoids [13], isoprenoid [18], monoterpene [19], diterpene [20], and myrcene [21].…”