Alpha-Fetoprotein and its Receptor: More Than Oncofoetal Antigens.

Pak, Vladimir

doi:10.14302/issn.2572-3030.jcgb-19-2955

Cited by 4 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The suboptimal doses of the oral pAFPatractyloside (1:2) complex were well-tolerated and produced major objective responses in 6 out of 12 metastatic colorectal cancer patients [83]. In the next trial, the ovarian cancer stage IV woman took twice-day capsules with the pAFPatractyloside complex (3 mg/0.06 mg) suspended in oil and survived over 10 years [79]. Unlike during AFP-amphotericin B infusions, prolonged absorption of the capsules in the gut does not induce acute phase immune reactions.…”

Section: Figure 1 Mdsc Inhibits T and Nk Cells Directly And Indirectl...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Utilizing its physiological delivery manner, AFP as an 'oncoshuttle' vehicle can bind and deliver more than the 1-5 drugs carried by AFP conjugates. This way, more toxins will be delivered with fewer AFP doses and fewer/no bystander effects [79].…”

Section: Figure 1 Mdsc Inhibits T and Nk Cells Directly And Indirectl...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the one hand, that guarantees the inevitable apoptosis of the targeted cells, on the other -toxins 'encapsulation' by AFP and the treatment safety. Mice gavage with the pAFP complexes with atractyloside, thapsigargin, betulinic acid, rotenone, ajoene, isotretinoin, tocotrienol, and vitamin D3 have demonstrated good results in cancer treatments [79].…”

Section: Figure 1 Mdsc Inhibits T and Nk Cells Directly And Indirectl...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mechanism of action of the oral pAFPtoxin complexes is not discovered yet. One of the hypotheses [79] is that they are absorbed like IgG-antigen and albumin-ligand complexes by the gut enterocytes through the FcRn [31,32]. FcRn is widely expressed by hematopoietic cells, including monocytes, neutrophils, intestinal macrophages, and DCs [87,88].…”

Section: Figure 1 Mdsc Inhibits T and Nk Cells Directly And Indirectl...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Alpha-Fetoprotein Binds Toxins and Can Be Used to Treat Cancer

Pak¹

2022

MRAJ

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The inefficiency of the immune system to kill cancer cells leads to the disease. Like in pregnancy, oncofetal proteins counteract the immune attack. Alpha-fetoprotein is an immunosuppressive protein generated by the embryo and in insignificant amounts by adults. It delivers nutrients to embryo cells and to the monocytes that suppress both innate and adaptive immunity during pregnancy and cancer. The small subpopulation of suppressor monocytes and cancer cells absorb the alpha-fetoprotein-nutrient complex through the specific receptor that is mostly absent in normal adult cells. It comes out that suppressor monocytes are the main targets in cancer prophylactic or treatment, not cancer cells. By delivering toxins instead of nutrients alpha-fetoprotein kills suppressor monocytes canceling immune suppression, as well as killing cancer cells directly. It is the perfect synergy of the most powerful cancer immunotherapy with targeted chemotherapy. Alpha-fetoprotein chemical conjugates, as well as the complexes of this oncofetal protein with binding toxins, have shown promising results in cancer treatments. Oral porcine alpha-fetoprotein complexes with toxins can prevent and/or treat cancer, although their immunotherapy mechanism of action is undiscovered.

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Section: Figure 1 Mdsc Inhibits T and Nk Cells Directly And Indirectl...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Figure 1 Mdsc Inhibits T and Nk Cells Directly And Indirectl...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Figure 1 Mdsc Inhibits T and Nk Cells Directly And Indirectl...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Figure 1 Mdsc Inhibits T and Nk Cells Directly And Indirectl...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Alpha-Fetoprotein Binds Toxins and Can Be Used to Treat Cancer

Pak¹

2022

MRAJ

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“…AFP can be re-expressed in adult life in a few cancers: hepatomas, germ cell tumors, yolk sac tumors of the ovary, and gastrointestinal cancers. The AFP structure, functions, and clinical applications are well covered in the literature [14][15][16][17][18].…”

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confidence: 99%

A Cancer Prevention and Treatment Opportunity

Pak¹

2023

GJMR

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Cancer disease results from mutations leading to apoptosis failure and immune system dysfunction. Because one in two people in developed counties will be diagnosed with cancer in their lifetimes, cancer and metastasis prevention should be ahead of therapies.The immune system in cancer patients is compromised and can be fixed with a reboot. The major oncofetal protein –alpha-feto protein –can deliver toxins instead of nutrients to the immune suppressor cells and kill them. The death of myeloid suppressor cells unleashes the immune attack on cancer cells, cancer stem cells, and metastases. Injectable and oral formulations of alpha-feto protein with toxins provide an opportunity to prevent and treat the disease.

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Role of Alpha-Fetoprotein in the Pathogenesis of Cancer

Chaudhuri,

Samanta,

Dey

et al. 2024

J Environ Pathol Toxicol Oncol

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Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) belongs to the albuminoid protein family and is considered as the fetal analog of serum albumin. This plasma protein is initially synthesized in the fetal liver and yolk sac and shows a maximum peak near the end of the first trimester. Later, concentrations begin to decline prenatally and drop precipitously after birth. This protein has three key ligand-binding pockets for interactions with various biomolecules. It contains multiple phosphorylation and acetylation sites for the regulation of physiological and pathophysiological states. High serum AFP titer is an established biomarker for yolk sac, embryonal and hepatocellular carcinoma. The present review critically analyzes the chemical nature, receptors, clinical implications, and therapeutic aspects of AFP, underpinning the development of different types of cancer.

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Alpha-Fetoprotein and its Receptor: More Than Oncofoetal Antigens.

Abstract: No Abstract

Cited by 4 publications

References 15 publications

Alpha-Fetoprotein Binds Toxins and Can Be Used to Treat Cancer

Alpha-Fetoprotein Binds Toxins and Can Be Used to Treat Cancer

A Cancer Prevention and Treatment Opportunity

Role of Alpha-Fetoprotein in the Pathogenesis of Cancer

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