Alpha-gal antibody due to Lone Star tick bite, a unique case of allergic reaction

Zhang, Billy; Hauk, Michael; Clyne, James

doi:10.1016/j.idcr.2020.e00908

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Some may also help with vomiting and nausea. Jackson et al 101 Kaplan and Carson 102 Khoury et al 103 Brzozowska et al 104 Anemüller et al 105 Corticosteroid Prednisone and methylprednisolone Used via oral or intravenous for more severe cases of allergic reaction (controls urticaria, angioedema and pruritis) Ghahramani and Temprano 106 Wen et al 107 Mast cell stabilizer Oral cromolyn solution Reduces persistent gastrointestinal symptoms when avoidance diet is insufficient Commins 42 Antiemetic Domperidone and metoclopramide Reduces vomiting and nausea Zhang et al 108 Saleem and Nilsson 109 Antispasmodic Dicycloverine and hyoscine Helps controlling abdominal pain Guillier et al 110 Brzozowska et al 104 Brenner and Lacy 111 Antidiarrheal Loperamide Used to stop or slow diarrhea (anti-motility drug) Kaplan and Carson 102 Bircher et al 112 Laxative Sennosides and bisacodyl Treat constipation by stimulating bowel movement Emmanuel et al 113 Saleem and Nilsson 109 …”

Section: Treatment/management Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current and Future Strategies for the Diagnosis and Treatment of the Alpha-Gal Syndrome (AGS)

Vaz-Rodrigues¹,

Mazuecos²,

Fuente³

2022

JAA

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The α-Gal syndrome (AGS) is a pathognomonic immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated delayed anaphylaxis in foods containing the oligosaccharide galactose-α-1,3-galactose (α-Gal) such as mammalian meat or dairy products. Clinical presentation of AGS can also comprise immediate hypersensitivity due to anticancer therapy, gelatin-containing vaccines or mammalian serum-based antivenom. The IgE initial sensitization is caused by hard-bodied tick bites and symptomatic individuals typically develop delayed pruritus, urticaria, angioedema, anaphylaxis, malaise or gut-related symptoms. Due to inapparent presentation, delayed reactions and a wide variety of patients´ clinical history, the AGS diagnosis and treatment remain challenging. This review covers not only current diagnostic methods used for AGS such as the skin prick test (SPT), the oral food challenge (OFC), anti-α-Gal IgE levels measurement and the basophil activation test (BAT), but also potentially relevant next-generation diagnostic tools like the mast cell activation test (MAT), the histamine-release (HR) assay, omics technologies and model-based reasoning (MBR). Moreover, it focuses on the therapeutical medical and non-medical methods available and current research methods that are being applied in order to elucidate the molecular, physiological and immune mechanisms underlying this allergic disorder. Lastly, future treatment and preventive tools are also discussed, being of utmost importance for the identification of tick salivary molecules, with or without α-Gal modifications, that trigger IgE sensitivity as they could be the key for further vaccine development. Bearing in mind climate change, the tick-host paradigm will shift towards an increasing number of AGS cases in new regions worldwide, which will pose new challenges for clinicians in the future.

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Section: Treatment/management Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current and Future Strategies for the Diagnosis and Treatment of the Alpha-Gal Syndrome (AGS)

Vaz-Rodrigues¹,

Mazuecos²,

Fuente³

2022

JAA

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“…5 The tick Amblyomma americanum, also known as the lone star tick, is the only known vector in the US that triggers AGA. 6,7 Fol-lowing a tick bite, some individuals may display hives, angioedema, or anaphylaxis after eating red meat. Alpha-gal (galactose-alpha-1,3-galactose) is a carbohydrate attached to proteins, most notably thyroglobulin, found in red meat such as pork or beef.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The tick Amblyomma americanum , also known as the lone star tick, is the only known vector in the US that triggers AGA 6,7. Following a tick bite, some individuals may display hives, angioedema, or anaphylaxis after eating red meat.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%