Alpha Hemolytic Streptococci of Air:  Their Variant Forms, Origin and Numbers per Cubic Foot of Air in Several Types of Locations

Buchbinder, Leon; Solowey, Mathilde; Solotorovsky, Morris

doi:10.2105/ajph.28.1.61

Cited by 24 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Buchbinder, Solowey & Solotorovsky (1938), who studied bacteria from air samples in occupied places, described what we presume to be the same organisms as ' putative streptococci ', largely because of the similarity of their fermentation reactions to those of typical streptococci. On the other hand, Rabl & Seelemann (1949) described similar organisms from various lesions in humans as ' diplokokken ', and seem to have regarded them as distinct from streptococci.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Aerococcus, a New Bacterial Genus

Williams

Hirch

Cowan

1953

Journal of General Microbiology

159

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SUMMARY:The generic name Aerococcus is proposed for a group of aerobic Grampositive cocci that are commonly found in the air of occupied places and in dust. The most characteristic features of the organisms are ability to grow in the presence of 40 yo bile and to produce greening on blood agar. They are catalase-negative, and do not show chain-formation in culture.For the collection and recognition of mouth streptococci from air a selective culture medium was devised (Williams & Hirch, 1950) which had the composition: serum agar, 100 ml.; sucrose, 5 g.; potassium tellurite, 1.0 mg.; crystal violet, 0.25 mg. This selective medium inhibits the growth of diphtheroid and coliform organisms and practically all strains of those Gram-positive cocci that would ordinarily be regarded as staphylococci. It permits good growth of most streptococci, including Streptococcus pyogenes, viridans-type streptococci and enterococci. However, in air samples from occupied rooms, about 70 yo of the colonies are not of typical streptococci, but are of a Gram-positive coccus that does not appear to have been adequately described in the literature. We consider that this organism has sufficient points of difference from both streptococci and staphylococci to justify its being placed in a new genus for which we propose the name Aerococcus. DESCRIPTION O F AEROCOCCUS Cultural and morphological characteristicsAfter 18-24 hr. incubation at 37" on blood agar the colonies of Aerococcus are 0.5-2.0 mm. in diameter, semi-transparent, white or grey, and surrounded by a wide or narrow zone of greening (Pl. 1, fig. 1); with some strains the centre of the area of greening may be very dark. The organisms grow well on nutrient agar with or without 0.5y0 glucose, and on serum agar, chocolate agar and blood agar, The colonies are larger on blood agar than on the other media; the addition of serum or glucose to nutrient agar results in only slight increase in colony size. Growth is not enhanced, and may be slightly decreased, by incubation anaerobically or in air with 30% carbon dioxide. The green discoloration round colonies on blood agar or chocolate agar is much decreased in depth and area when the cultures are incubated anaerobically. On all these media growth takes place at 22", the colonies taking about 42 hr. to reach the size reached in 18 hr. a t 37". There is no growth on potato. In nutrient broth or peptone water growth is very poor, but it is considerably increased by the addition of 0.5 yo glucose.Microscopically the organisms are round Gram-positive cocci 1-2 p. in

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Aerococcus, a New Bacterial Genus

Williams

Hirch

Cowan

1953

Journal of General Microbiology

159

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“…The bacterial genus Aerococcus is comprised of gram positive, alpha hemolytic, catalase negative cocci. Aerococcus was first described as early as 1938, at that time initially thought to be a nonpathogenic contaminate and referred to as an “altered streptococci” [ 1 ]. It was not until in the early 1950’s that Aerococcus was comprehensively described and recognized as a single species [ 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A rare case of Aerococcus urinae infective endocarditis in an atypically young male: case report and review of the literature

et al. 2018

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BackgroundAerococcus urinae is a gram-positive, alpha-hemolytic coccus bacterium primarily implicated in less than 1 % of all symptomatic urinary tract infections. Risk factors for disease include male gender, advanced age, and comorbid genitourinary tract pathology. Infections beyond the genitourinary tract are rare, though spondylodiscitis, perineal abscesses, lymphadenitis, bacteremia, meningitis, and endocarditis have been reported. Less than fifty cases of A. urinae infective endocarditis (IE) have been described in the literature. The rare occurrence of A. urinae in human infections and resultant lack of randomized controlled trials have resulted in a significant degree of clinical uncertainty in the management of A. urinae IE.Case presentationWe present an unusual case of a forty-three year-old male with A. urinae infective endocarditis (IE) who was successfully treated with mitral valve replacement and six weeks of penicillin/gentamicin therapy. In addition, we include a comprehensive review of all reported cases of IE due to A. urinae with specific attention to therapeutic regimens and treatment durations.ConclusionRecent advances in diagnostic technology have led to an increase in the frequency A. urinae is diagnosed. Reviewing cases of Aerococcus urinae infections, their clinical courses and subsequent management can assist future healthcare providers and their patients.

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“…The most identified risk factors are underlying urologic conditions and old age [ 5 , 9 ]. The urologic abnormalities include benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), urinary tract catheters, phimosis, urethral meatus stenosis, recurrent UTIs and genitourinary malignancy, with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) being the most commonly associated abnormality given its prevalence [ 2 , 7 , 10 , 11 ]. Kotkar et al reported a case that had phimosis as well as urethral meatus stenosis [ 11 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As isolation techniques improve, aerococcus is being identified more frequently. It was initially described in 1938 and was referred to as an “altered streptococci” and it was thought to be a non-pathogenic contaminant [ 2 ]. In the early 1950s, it was identified as a single species [ 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aerococcus urinae: A Rare Cause of Endocarditis Presenting With Acute Stroke

et al. 2021

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Aerococcus urinae is a rare organism infrequently isolated from cultures. Mostly known to cause urinary tract infection, it can cause bacteremia leading to severe urosepsis and infective endocarditis. Embolization is frequently reported with Aerococcus urinae endocarditis (AUE); hence, the presentation is highly variable. Sequelae such as various central nervous system manifestations, sepsis, valvular regurgitation with heart failure and even coronary artery involvement have been reported. We report a case of a 58-year-old man with AUE of the aortic valve, severe aortic regurgitation and embolic stroke as a result of embolization from AUE and ultimately required aortic valve replacement. Our case highlights this rare cause of endocarditis and offers insight into the variability of patient presentation and risk factors to consider.

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Alpha Hemolytic Streptococci of Air: Their Variant Forms, Origin and Numbers per Cubic Foot of Air in Several Types of Locations

Cited by 24 publications

References 3 publications

Aerococcus, a New Bacterial Genus

Aerococcus, a New Bacterial Genus

A rare case of Aerococcus urinae infective endocarditis in an atypically young male: case report and review of the literature

Aerococcus urinae: A Rare Cause of Endocarditis Presenting With Acute Stroke

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