Alpha Linolenic Acid-enriched Diacylglycerol Consumption Enhances Dietary Fat Oxidation in Healthy Subjects: A Randomized Double-blind Controlled Trial

Ando, Yumiko; Saito, Shinichiro; Yamanaka, Nami; Suzuki, Chizuka; Ono, Takahiro; Osaki, Noriko; Katsuragi, Yoshihisa

doi:10.5650/jos.ess16183

Cited by 15 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Another 14‐day trial also showed that ALA‐enriched diacylglycerol (2.5 g/day) could enhance postprandial fat metabolism in 19 healthy subjects (Ando et al, 2016). A 21‐day trial showed that ALA‐rich diglyceride (2.5 g/day) could increase the oxidation of dietary fat in 16 healthy subjects (Ando, Saito, Yamanaka, et al, 2017). (b) Effects on normal and moderately obese subjects.…”

Section: Pharmacological Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The review of alpha‐linolenic acid: Sources, metabolism, and pharmacology

Yuan

Xie

Huang

et al. 2021

Phytotherapy Research

128

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α‐linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3n‐3) is a carboxylic acid composed of 18 carbon atoms and three cis double bonds, and is an essential fatty acid indispensable to the human body. This study aims to systematically review related studies on the dietary sources, metabolism, and pharmacological effects of ALA. Information on ALA was collected from the internet database PubMed, Elsevier, ResearchGate, Web of Science, Wiley Online Library, and Europe PMC using a combination of keywords including “pharmacology,” “metabolism,” “sources.” The following findings are mainly contained. (a) ALA can only be ingested from food and then converted into eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid in the body. (b) This conversion process is relatively limited and affected by many factors such as dose, gender, and disease. (c) Pharmacological research shows that ALA has the anti‐metabolic syndrome, anticancer, antiinflammatory, anti‐oxidant, anti‐obesity, neuroprotection, and regulation of the intestinal flora properties. (d) There are the most studies that prove ALA has anti‐metabolic syndrome effects, including experimental studies and clinical trials. (e) The therapeutic effect of ALA will be affected by the dosage. In short, ALA is expected to treat many diseases, but further high quality studies are needed to firmly establish the clinical efficacy of ALA.

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Section: Pharmacological Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The review of alpha‐linolenic acid: Sources, metabolism, and pharmacology

Yuan

Xie

Huang

et al. 2021

Phytotherapy Research

128

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“…Its follow-up, however, confirmed the positive effects of ALA on reinfarction rates [132]. Another small crossover Japanese trial recently reported enhanced fat oxidation in healthy subjects, administered with 2.5 g/d of ALA-enriched diacylglycerol vs. placebo [133], suggesting its use in visceral obesity prevention. Other evidence indicative of the cardioprotective effects of ALA come from epidemiological data linking high consumption of ALA-rich foods, such as walnuts [134,135], flaxseed [136], and some seed oils [137].…”

Section: Omega 3 Fatty Acidsmentioning

confidence: 81%

Fatty Acids and Cardiovascular Risk. Evidence, Lack of Evidence, and Diligence

Visioli

Poli²

2020

Nutrients

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One of the most controversial areas of nutrition research relates to fats, particularly essential fatty acids, in the context of cardiovascular disease risk. A critical feature of dietary fatty acids is that they incorporate into the plasma membrane, modifying fluidity and key physiological functions. Importantly, they can reshape the bioavailability of eicosanoids and other lipid mediators, which direct cellular responses to external stimuli, such as inflammation and chronic stress conditions. This paper provides an overview of the most recent evidence, as well as historical controversies, linking fat consumption with human health and disease. We underscore current pitfalls in the area of fatty acid research and critically frame fatty acid intake in the larger context of diet and behavior. We conclude that fundamental research on fatty acids and lipids is appropriate in certain areas, but the rigor and reproducibility are lacking in others. The pros and cons are highlighted throughout the review, seeking to guide future research on the important area of nutrition, fat intake, and cardiovascular disease risk.

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“…The primary outcome was VFA, and secondary outcomes were BMI, WC, and safety parameters. Based on the mean global intake of ALA (1.4 g/d) reported in 2014 and our previous human studies that have demonstrated positive effects , the dose of the test oils was set at 2.5 g/d, which contained 1.3∼1.4 g/d of ALA. One serving (2.5 g/d) of the test oils was packed into individual plastic bottles and consumed with the habitual diet of the subjects with no menu limitations (e.g., the test oils were allowed to be mixed with salad, yogurt, soup, cooked meat, bread, rice, or their favorite food item). The subjects were instructed to consume one full serving with one meal.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dietary DAG is not easily resynthesized to TAG in the intestinal mucosa in animals and thus reduces postprandial hyperlipidemia in humans compared with conventional edible oils containing TAG as the major constituent . Additionally, our recent studies have demonstrated that long‐term repeated consumption of ALA‐rich DAG (ALA‐DAG) enhances energy metabolism in humans and reduces VFA compared with oleic acid‐rich rapeseed oil in people with obesity . In these previous reports, we could not determine whether the DAG structure enhanced the ALA effects against visceral fat because of a different fatty acid composition between the control oil (high‐oleic TAG; rapeseed oil) and ALA‐DAG.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Diacylglycerol Enhances the Effects of Alpha‐Linolenic Acid Against Visceral Fat: A Double‐Blind Randomized Controlled Trial

Saito

Mori²,

Osaki

et al. 2017

Obesity

Self Cite

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ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of alpha‐linolenic acid‐rich diacylglycerol (ALA‐DAG) compared with alpha‐linolenic acid‐rich triacylglycerol (ALA‐TAG) on visceral fat area (VFA) in people with overweight.MethodsSubjects with overweight were recruited to a randomized, double‐blind, controlled, parallel‐group designed trial and randomly allocated to two groups that consumed either 2.5 g/d ALA‐TAG or ALA‐DAG for 12 weeks. Two 4‐week nontreatment periods were placed before and after the treatment period. One hundred fourteen subjects (n = 57 in the ALA‐TAG group, n = 57 in the ALA‐DAG group) were enrolled into the analysis set for efficacy evaluation.ResultsThe VFA and BMI were significantly decreased by the ALA‐DAG treatment with a treatment‐by‐time interaction compared with the ALA‐TAG treatment (P < 0.05). Additionally, the change from baseline of the fasting serum TAG concentration at week 12 was significantly decreased by ALA‐DAG treatment compared with ALA‐TAG treatment (P < 0.05). Safety parameters such as urinary measurements, hematologic parameters and blood biochemistry, and the incidence of adverse events did not differ significantly between groups, and no ALA‐DAG–associated adverse effects were detected.ConclusionsIncorporation of ALA‐DAG in a regular diet for 12 weeks may lead to a reduction in VFA, BMI, and serum TAG in men and women with overweight.

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Alpha Linolenic Acid-enriched Diacylglycerol Consumption Enhances Dietary Fat Oxidation in Healthy Subjects: A Randomized Double-blind Controlled Trial

Cited by 15 publications

References 21 publications

The review of alpha‐linolenic acid: Sources, metabolism, and pharmacology

The review of alpha‐linolenic acid: Sources, metabolism, and pharmacology

Fatty Acids and Cardiovascular Risk. Evidence, Lack of Evidence, and Diligence

Diacylglycerol Enhances the Effects of Alpha‐Linolenic Acid Against Visceral Fat: A Double‐Blind Randomized Controlled Trial

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