Alpha manganese dioxide for lithium batteries: A structural and electrochemical study

Manganese dioxides as cathodes for lithium rechargeable cells: the stability challenge

“…44 MnO, the manganese has 0.25 mA/cm2 at an average potential of around 3 square pyramidal coordination with the pyramidal volts giving an capacity of 230 mAh/g to a cut-off Mn-O bond being somewhat long at 2.33 A comof 2.0 volts; this decays to about 170 mAh/g for the pared with the 1.73 and 1.86 in the basal plane, 3rd to 10th cycles. This is much better stability than whereas in the exchanged and partially oxidized that observed in samples formed by sulfuric acid Lio.27MnO, a sixth oxygen comes within bonding leaching of Li 2 MnO 3 at 90 0 C [32]. This result on the distance at 2.49 A.…”

Hydrogen Bonding and Jahn–Teller Distortion in Groutite,α-MnOOH, and Manganite,γ-MnOOH, and Their Relations to the Manganese Dioxides Ramsdellite and Pyrolusite

“…The mechanism of reduction may be different because the modifications show a wide range of phase boundaries and are able to absorb protons with only minor structural changes. New developments show that highly crystalline -MnO phases (hollandite-type) have high performances as electrode materials for secondary lithium cells (4).…”

Nanostructured MnO2 for Electrochemical Capacitor

“…The (1 ×1) channels represent the interstitial space that is found in -MnO 2 (rutile-type structure). Cations such as Ba 2+ (hollandite), and K + (cryptomelane) and NH 4 + or O 2-anions [from H 2 O (or H 3 O + ) and Li 2 O] that stabilize the aMnO 2 framework partially occupy sites at the center of the (2×2) channels at a special position (0, 0, z), usually close to (0, 0, 1/2) (Johnson et al, 1997;Rossouw et al, 1992). If oxygen occupies this site, the structure adopts a distorted close-packed oxygen array, with the close-packed oxygen layers parallel to the (110) planes.…”