Alpha-tocopherol and astaxanthin decrease macrophage infiltration, apoptosis and vulnerability in atheroma of hyperlipidaemic rabbits

Li, Wei; Hellsten, Anna; Jacobsson, Leif; Blomqvist, Henrik; Olsson, Anders; Yuan, Xi

doi:10.1016/j.yjmcc.2004.07.009

Cited by 67 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…It was found that astaxanthin significantly reduced the macrophage infiltration in the lesions, and lowered the occurrence of macrophage apoptosis and plaque ruptures, indicating that astaxanthin might improve plaque stability in the atherosclerotic setting [72] by increasing adiponectin. Another study showed that astaxanthin could suppress the scavenger receptors upregulation, matrix metalloproteinases activation, and pro-inflammatory cytokines expression in macrophages, indicating that astaxanthin is effective to regulate the macrophage atherogenesis-related functions [29].…”

Section: Cardiovascular Protective Effectmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Lipid and macrophage infiltration is closely associated with early plaque development [72]. It was found that astaxanthin significantly reduced the macrophage infiltration in the lesions, and lowered the occurrence of macrophage apoptosis and plaque ruptures, indicating that astaxanthin might improve plaque stability in the atherosclerotic setting [72] by increasing adiponectin.…”

Section: Cardiovascular Protective Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Potential health‐promoting effects of astaxanthin: A high‐value carotenoid mostly from microalgae

Yuan

Peng

Yin

et al. 2010

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

555

309

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The ketocarotenoid astaxanthin can be found in the microalgae Haematococcus pluvialis, Chlorella zofingiensis, and Chlorococcum sp., and the red yeast Phaffia rhodozyma. The microalga H. pluvialis has the highest capacity to accumulate astaxanthin up to 4-5% of cell dry weight. Astaxanthin has been attributed with extraordinary potential for protecting the organism against a wide range of diseases, and has considerable potential and promising applications in human health. Numerous studies have shown that astaxanthin has potential health-promoting effects in the prevention and treatment of various diseases, such as cancers, chronic inflammatory diseases, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, diabetic nephropathy, cardiovascular diseases, gastrointestinal diseases, liver diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, eye diseases, skin diseases, exercise-induced fatigue, male infertility, and HgCl₂-induced acute renal failure. In this article, the currently available scientific literature regarding the most significant activities of astaxanthin is reviewed.

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Section: Cardiovascular Protective Effectmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Cardiovascular Protective Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential health‐promoting effects of astaxanthin: A high‐value carotenoid mostly from microalgae

Yuan

Peng

Yin

et al. 2010

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

555

309

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…24,26 The oxidized LDL hypothesis of macrophage apoptosis has received widespread attention, 36,37 and there is one study showing a correlation between antioxidant administration and decreased macrophage apoptosis in rabbit lesions. 38 In addition, whereas several studies have shown poor spatial correlation between the presence of oxidized LDL and apoptotic macrophages in advanced lesions, 23,39 others have shown that oxysterols are rich in advanced lesional necrotic cores. 40 In terms of antioxidant therapy in humans, which in theory might help prevent acute vascular events by preventing late lesional macrophage death (below), the results of prospective trials to date have been disappointing.…”

Section: Inducers Of Macrophage Apoptosis In Atherosclerosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Consequences and Therapeutic Implications of Macrophage Apoptosis in Atherosclerosis

Tabas

2005

ATVB

590

535

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Abstract-Macrophage apoptosis occurs throughout all stages of atherosclerosis, yet new findings in vivo suggest that the consequences of this event may be very different in early versus late atherosclerotic lesions. In early lesions, where phagocytic clearance of apoptotic cells appears to be efficient, macrophage apoptosis is associated with diminished lesion cellularity and decreased lesion progression. In late lesions, however, a number of factors may contribute to defective phagocytic clearance of apoptotic macrophages, leading to secondary necrosis of these cells and a proinflammatory response. The cumulative effect of these late lesional events is generation of the necrotic core, which, in concert with proatherogenic effects of residual surviving macrophages, promotes further inflammation, plaque instability, and thrombosis. Thus, the ability or lack thereof of lesional phagocytes to safely clear apoptotic macrophages may be an important determinant of acute atherothrombotic clinical events. Further understanding of the mechanisms involved in macrophage apoptosis and phagocytic clearance might lead to novel therapeutic strategies directed against the progression of advanced plaques. Key Words: atherosclerosis Ⅲ macrophage Ⅲ apoptosis Ⅲ phagocytosis Ⅲ inflammation O ne of the earliest events in atherosclerosis is the entry of monocytes into focal areas of the arterial subendothelium that have accumulated matrix-retained and often modified lipoproteins. [1][2][3][4][5] The monocytes differentiate into macrophages, and the macrophages accumulate large amounts of intracellular cholesterol through the ingestion of the subendothelial lipoproteins. 1,2,6 -8 The presence of cholesterolloaded macrophages in atherosclerotic lesions is a prominent feature throughout the life of the lesion, and these cells have a tremendous impact on lesion progression. 9 -11 Therefore, the number of macrophages in lesions is an important measure of atherosclerotic burden. The processes that determine macrophage cellularity in lesions include two factors that promote the accumulation of these cells-monocyte/macrophage entry and macrophage proliferation-and two features that lead to cell depletion-macrophage death and macrophage egress. [12][13][14][15][16] See coverThis review will address one of these processes, namely, lesional macrophage death. Within this topic, there are many important areas, including evidence that macrophages die in the course of atherosclerosis; inducers and mechanisms of lesional macrophage death; and functional consequences of macrophage death in the setting of atherosclerosis. The first two areas have been covered widely in a number of important articles and comprehensive reviews. 14,17-26 After a brief synopsis and update of these two areas, this review will focus on a hypothesis related to the functional consequences of lesional macrophage death. The hypothesis states that (1) the ultimate effect of macrophage death on plaque progression depends on the lesion stage during which macrophage death occurs; a...

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“…Thus, astaxanthin could benefit heart health by modifying blood levels of LDL and HDL cholesterol.Finally, astaxanthin could also be beneficial to heart health by reducing inflammation presumably associated with the development of coronary heart disease 77 . Lipid and macrophage infiltration is closely associated with early plaque development 78 . It was found that astaxanthin significantly reduced the macrophage infiltration in the lesions, and lowered the occurrence of macrophage apoptosis and plaque ruptures, indicating that astaxanthin might improve plaque stability in the atherosclerotic setting 78 by increasing adiponectin.…”

Section: Astaxanthin and Inflammationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lipid and macrophage infiltration is closely associated with early plaque development 78 . It was found that astaxanthin significantly reduced the macrophage infiltration in the lesions, and lowered the occurrence of macrophage apoptosis and plaque ruptures, indicating that astaxanthin might improve plaque stability in the atherosclerotic setting 78 by increasing adiponectin.…”

Section: Astaxanthin and Inflammationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

2012

IJPSR

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Astaxanthin, a member of the carotenoid family, is a dark-red pigment which is the main carotenoid found in the marine world of algae and aquatic animals. Astaxanthin, is present in many types of seafood, including salmon, trout, red sea bream, shrimp and lobster, as well as in birds such as flamingo and quail. Synthetic Astaxanthin dominates the world market but recent interest in natural sources of the pigment has increased substantially.

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Alpha-tocopherol and astaxanthin decrease macrophage infiltration, apoptosis and vulnerability in atheroma of hyperlipidaemic rabbits

Cited by 67 publications

References 21 publications

Potential health‐promoting effects of astaxanthin: A high‐value carotenoid mostly from microalgae

Potential health‐promoting effects of astaxanthin: A high‐value carotenoid mostly from microalgae

Consequences and Therapeutic Implications of Macrophage Apoptosis in Atherosclerosis

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