Alpha‐tocopherol and β‐carotene in legume–grass mixtures as influenced by wilting, ensiling and type of silage additive

Lindqvist, Hanna; Nadeau, Elisabet; Jensen, Søren Krogh

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2494.2011.00827.x

Cited by 47 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…However, the relatively higher pH of the silage in the present study, ranging from 5.1 to 5.9, might have contributed to the extensive preservation of b-carotene during ensiling (Kala c & Kyzlink 1979;Lindqvist et al 2012). Some reports have indicated that lutein content decreases after the plant material is dried (Reynoso et al 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Effects of nitrogen fertilizer and harvesting stage on photosynthetic pigments and phytol contents of Italian ryegrass silage

Elsabagh

Obitsu

et al. 2017

Animal Science Journal

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This study aimed to investigate the effects of nitrogen (N) fertilizer application and harvesting stage on the contents of chlorophyll, phytol and carotenoids (b-carotene and lutein) in Italian ryegrass herbage before and after ensiling, and the extent of phytol preservation after ensiling. Three rates of N fertilizer (0, 60 and 120 kg N/ha) were applied by top-dressing as an additional fertilizer. The herbage harvested at booting stage (27 weeks of age) or heading stage (29 weeks of age) were wilted for 1 day, then ensiled for 60 days using a small-scale pouch system. In the pre-ensiled herbages, increasing N fertilizer application increased the contents of crude protein and photosynthetic pigments, and these contents were also higher at the booting stage compared with the heading stage. In the silage, increasing N fertilizer application also increased the contents of crude protein, the photosynthetic pigments and their derivatives (pheophytin and pheophorbide), while harvesting stage did not affect the contents of b-carotene, chlorophylls or pheophorbide. Nitrogen fertilizer application and early harvesting of herbage increased lutein and phytol contents in Italian ryegrass silage. Lutein and phytol in Italian ryegrass herbage are indicated to be well preserved during ensiling.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Effects of nitrogen fertilizer and harvesting stage on photosynthetic pigments and phytol contents of Italian ryegrass silage

Elsabagh

Obitsu

et al. 2017

Animal Science Journal

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“…Also forage wilting prior to ensiling can be a critical period for carotenoid losses, particularly if prolonged under unfavourable weather conditions (Park et al 1983). However, if legume-grass mixtures were wilted under optimum conditions for only 3 h, mean β-carotene losses were just about 12% of the level in fresh herbage (Lindqvist et al 2011).…”

Section: Carotenoids In Preserved Foragesmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…acephala) Kyzlink 1981, Kalač 1983). Mean β-carotene losses were 3.9, 8.0 and 22.5% of the initial content in ensiled wilted legumegrass mixtures (see Table 1) in silages prepared without an additive, inoculated with a mixture of lactic acid bacteria combined with structural polysaccharide-hydrolysing enzymes and with a mixture of formic and propionic acids, respectively (Lindqvist et al 2011). However, Shingfield et al (2005) observed minimum differences in β-carotene contents in silages prepared from a wilted mixture of timothy (Phleum pratense) and meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis) under a very similar experimental design as in the previous report.…”

Section: Carotenoids In Preserved Foragesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Müller et al (2007) reported α-tocopherol losses between 40 and 60% of the initial content during grass ensiling. Different mean losses were determined by Lindqvist et al (2011) during ensiling of mildly wilted legumegrass mixtures. Low α-tocopherol shrinkage of 3.5 and 13% of the content in ensiled forage was observed in control silage and in silage preserved with a mixture of formic acid and propionic acid, respectively.…”

Section: Tocopherols In Preserved Foragesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Carotenoids, ergosterol and tocopherols in fresh and preserved herbage and their transfer to bovine milk fat and adipose tissues: A review

Kalač

2012

Journal of Agrobiology

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The requirements of cattle for the fat-soluble vitamins A, D and E, their provitamins and some carotenoids have increased under conditions of intensive husbandry with insufficient provision of fresh forage, their cheapest natural source. Moreover, bovine milk fat and adipose tissues participate in the intake of these micronutrients by humans. Four major carotenoids occurring in forage crops are lutein, all-trans-β-carotene, zeaxanthin and epilutein. Fresh forage is their richest source. Losses are significantly higher in hay as compared with silage, particularly if prepared from unwilted herbage. Maize silage is a poor source of carotenoids as compared with ensiled grasses and legumes. Ergosterol contents in forages increase under environmental conditions favourable for the growing of moulds, particularly at higher humidity and lower temperatures. Credible data on changes of ergosterol during herbage preservation, particularly drying and ensiling, have been lacking. Alpha-tocopherol is the most important among eight related compounds marked as vitamin E. It is vulnerable to oxidation and herbage ensiling is thus a safer preservation method than haymaking. As with carotenoids, maize silage is a poor source of α-tocopherol. Overall, information on factors affecting the content of ergosterol and tocopherols in fresh herbage, on changes during forage preservation and on transfer to bovine fats has been much more limited than data for β-carotene.

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“…Sward botanical composition affects the concentrations of fat-soluble vitamins in forages, but also other factors, such as plant maturity (Danielsson et al, 2008) and preservation method (Lindqvist et al, 2012), are important. Milk concentrations of fat-soluble vitamins vary significantly and depend on diet, animal factors, such as breed (McDowell, 2000) and stage of lactation (Jensen et al, 1999), and supplementation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of short-term versus long-term grassland management and seasonal variation in organic and conventional dairy farming on the composition of bulk tank milk

Adler

Jensen

Govasmark

et al. 2013

Journal of Dairy Science

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Bulk tank milk from 28 dairy farms was sampled every second month for 2 yr to assess the effects of grassland management, production system and season on milk fatty acid (FA) composition, concentrations of fat-soluble vitamins, Se, and milk sensory quality. Grassland management varied in terms of time since establishment. Short-term grassland management (SG) was defined as establishment or reseeding every fourth year or more often, and long-term grassland management (LG) was defined as less frequent establishment or reseeding. Fourteen organic (ORG) dairy farms with either short-term or long-term grassland management were paired with 14 conventional (CON) farms with respect to grassland management. Within ORG farms, SG farms differed from LG farms in herbage botanical composition, but not in concentrate FA concentrations, dry matter intake, or milk yield. Within CON farms, herbage composition, concentrate FA concentrations, dry matter intake, and milk yield showed no or insignificant variations. The ORG farms differed from CON farms in herbage botanical composition, concentrate FA concentrations, concentrate intake, and milk yield. Compared with ORG-LG farms, ORG-SG farms produced milk fat with higher proportions of C10:0 and C12:0 associated with higher herbage proportions of legumes (Fabaceae) and lower proportions of other dicotyledon families. Compared with milk from CON farms, milk fat from ORG farms had higher proportions of most saturated FA and all n-3 FA, but lower proportions of C18:0 and C18:1 cis-9 associated with higher forage proportion and differences in concentrations of FA in concentrates. Compared with the outdoor-feeding periods, the indoor feeding periods yielded milk fat with higher proportions of most shortchain and medium-chain FA and lower proportions of most C18-FA associated with grazing and higher forage proportions. Milk concentrations of α-tocopherol and β-carotene were lower during the grazing periods. Inclusion of fishmeal in organic concentrates may explain higher Se concentrations in organically produced milk. Milk sensory quality was not affected in this study. In conclusion, grassland management had minor effects on milk composition, and differences between ORG farms and CON farms may be explained by differences in concentrate intake and concentrate FA concentrations. Milk produced on ORG farms versus CON farms and milk produced during the outdoor versus indoor feeding periods had potential health benefits due to FA composition. In contrast, the higher milk-fat proportions of saturated FA in milk from ORG farms may be perceived as negative for human health.

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Alpha‐tocopherol and β‐carotene in legume–grass mixtures as influenced by wilting, ensiling and type of silage additive

Cited by 47 publications

References 35 publications

Effects of nitrogen fertilizer and harvesting stage on photosynthetic pigments and phytol contents of Italian ryegrass silage

Effects of nitrogen fertilizer and harvesting stage on photosynthetic pigments and phytol contents of Italian ryegrass silage

Carotenoids, ergosterol and tocopherols in fresh and preserved herbage and their transfer to bovine milk fat and adipose tissues: A review

Effect of short-term versus long-term grassland management and seasonal variation in organic and conventional dairy farming on the composition of bulk tank milk

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