Alphabet Patterns and Oblique Muscle Dysfunctions

Detection of macular changes by optical coherence tomography after inferior oblique muscle surgery

“…1 Weakening procedures of this muscle include marginal myotomy, disinsertion, myectomy, graded recession, anterior transposition, and nasal myectomy. All of these procedures (apart from nasal myectomy) are performed on the distal portion of the muscle.…”

Effects of vertical offsets of the horizontal rectus muscles in V-pattern exotropia without oblique dysfunction

“…A measurement of 11 overaction was recorded if there was no hypertropia with horizontal versions, but there was slight overaction when the eye was moved vertically into the field of action of the oblique muscle. 5 The Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient test was used to determine correlation coefficients.…”

“…5 Although Scott and colleagues 6 and Ribeiro and colleagues 7 reported that the amount of A-pattern correction is related to initial A pattern, the correlation between the preoperative V pattern and the postoperative correction has not been previously reported. The purpose of the present study was to analyze the effect of vertical offsets of the horizontal rectus muscles and the correlation between the preoperative V pattern and the postoperative correction.…”

Types of Pattern Strabismus and Their Surgical Outcomes after Adjustable Strabismus Surgery

“…An arrow ("↓") pattern, describes maximum convergence in primary and down gaze positions, typically observed in bilateral superior oblique palsy. 3 Pathophysiological mechanisms for pattern strabismus, though unclear, have been attributed both to mechanical (peripheral) and neural (central) factors; the former occurring as a result of oblique muscle under or overaction, ectopic muscle pulleys or orbital deformities in craniofacial dysostosis, hydrocephalus or plagiocephaly; and the later being caused by loss of fusion with abnormal torsion, abnormal supranuclear circuits or vestibular hypofunction.…”

“…Transposition of the horizontal rectii is a reasonable approach for correcting about 15-20 PD of pattern, in the absence of oblique over action; larger amounts require oblique weakening if over action is present; bilateral inferior oblique weakening corrects 15-25 PD, whereas bilateral superior oblique weakening can correct as much as 40 PD. 2,3 It is important for the strabismus surgeon to recognize both common and rare patterns in strabismus and to correct them accordingly, to provide maximum cosmesis to the patient. The purpose of our study was to identify any patterns occurring in strabismus patients, and to correct them during routine adjustable strabismus surgery.…”