1978
DOI: 10.21236/ada056386
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ALTAIR: An Incoherent Scatter Radar for Equatorial Spread-F Studies.

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Cited by 42 publications
(61 citation statements)
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“…That is, the requirement for low electron densities that the theory calls for may preclude the existence of 11-cm FAI elsewhere in the F-region ionosphere, except in equatorial plasma bubbles. Tsunoda et al, 1979;Towle, 1980;Tsunoda, 1980c]. TRADEX was employed for the first time in this kind of experiment to extend radar observations of equatorial FAI to 1320 MHz, the highest frequency ever used.…”
Section: Security Classification Of This Page (When Votementioning
confidence: 99%
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“…That is, the requirement for low electron densities that the theory calls for may preclude the existence of 11-cm FAI elsewhere in the F-region ionosphere, except in equatorial plasma bubbles. Tsunoda et al, 1979;Towle, 1980;Tsunoda, 1980c]. TRADEX was employed for the first time in this kind of experiment to extend radar observations of equatorial FAI to 1320 MHz, the highest frequency ever used.…”
Section: Security Classification Of This Page (When Votementioning
confidence: 99%
“…Radar backscatter has been used to study equatorial spread-F irregularities for more than four decades, first in the form of vertical-incidence ionosondes [Booker and Wells, 1938] and highfrequency (HF) backscatter radars [Clemesha, 1964;Kelleher and Skinner, 19711, and most recently in the form of high-power backscatter radars that operate in the very-high-frequency (VHF) and ultra-highfrequency (UHF) bands [Farley et al, 1970;Woodman and La Hoz, 1976;Tsunoda et al, 1979;Towle, 19801. A characteristic trend apparent in these measurements is the use of increasingly higher transmitter power at higher radar frequencies.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Plasma density irregularities in the equatorial ionosphere have long been studied since the starting of the research of spread F phenomena using many kinds of techniques such as ionosondes (RASTOGI, 1980a(RASTOGI, , 1980b and radar backscatter techniques (FARLEY et al, 1970;WOODMAN and LAHOZ, 1976;TSUNODA, 1980aTSUNODA, , 1980bTSUNODA, , 1981TSUNODA and WHITE, 1981;TSUNODA et al, 1979 as well as using spacecrafts as rockets (SZUSZCZEWICZ et al, 1980(SZUSZCZEWICZ et al, , 1981RING et al, 1981;NARCISI and SZUSZCZEWICZ, 1981;KELLEY et al, 1982) and satellites (CLARK and RAITT, 1976;MCCLURE et al, 1977;MULDREW, 1980;BENSON, 1981). One of the remarkable outcome of these observations is the discovery of plasma bubbles in the region of the equatorial F region ionosphere.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In addition, the Altair radar [Tsunoda et al, 1979;Towle, 1980;Tsunoda, 1980] was used to map regions of intense field-aligned backscatter, in particular the so-called backscatter plumes that generally delineate regions of depleted electron density or 'bubbles' [Woodman and La Hoz, 1976;Kelley et al, 1976].…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%