Alterações posturais em adolescentes praticantes de balé clássico

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: classical ballet contributes to changes in the posture of its practitioners. In dancers, lumbar hyperlordosis has been attributed to weakness in the abdominal musculature and to the emphasis on spinal hyperextension and hip extension, characteristic ballet movements. The repetition of these movements causes adaptations in the locomotive system that may become permanent, and may cause negative effects to the adolescent posture. OBJECTIVES: to identify postural changes present in adolescents from 11 to 14 years of age who practice classical ballet and if there is a difference in the postural pattern adopted by adolescent dancers who perform work to strengthen or stretch muscles of those who do not perform. To verify that other factors influence the postural alterations of adolescents who practice ballet. METHODS: this was an observational study in which 57 female adolescents enrolled in ballet schools in the Metropolitan Region of Recife-PE were analyzed. The adolescents underwent anthropometric evaluation (weight and height), postural evaluation (photographic recording of the posture in the lateral view analyzed in the Corel Draw 3 program), abdominal strength-resistance test and a questionnaire of habits and postures adopted in daily life. The data were processed in SPSS 13.0 software. Statistical association was analyzed using Pearson's Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test, using a significance level of 5%. The prevalence ratio and its respective confidence intervals were calculated. To evaluate the effect of the independent explanatory variables in relation to the outcome, a log-binomial multivariate regression analysis was performed. The significance level of p <0.30 of the univariate statistic was used in the chi-square test to select the variables that would enter the final model of multivariate analysis, besides variables that could interfere in the posture in the conceptual model. RESULTS: seventy -seven percent of the dancers presented changes in posture. The most observed posture was lordotic kyphosis (28%). In the univariate analysis, the presence of postural alteration was more frequent in adolescents who: used the Royal method (p = 0.01), did not perform muscle stretching (p = 0.01) and had a ballet practice volume of less than three hours (P = 0.07). The final model of log-binomial regression analysis showed that the chance of developing postural changes among the dancers using the Royal method was 10.47 (95% CI = 1.89-59.51) higher than in the Who used the Vaganova method, and the dancers who performed muscle strengthening showed a 6.23 (95% CI = 1.62-23.9) times greater chance of developing altered posture when controlled the following variables: abdominal muscle resistance, Other physical activity, practice time, practice volume, and sleeping position. CONCLUSION: ballet practice using the Royal method associated with the presence of muscular strengthening represents a greater risk of developing alterations in the posture of adolescents with weak or regular abdominal muscle resista...