Alteration of Cytokines Level and Oxidative Stress Parameters in COVID-19

Abstract

In addition to the proinflammatory state, cytokine production, and cell death, SARS-CoV-2 infection is also associated with oxidative stress as demonstrated by increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and an alteration of antioxidant defense during the infection. Proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines play an important role in respiratory infections caused by viruses including SARS-CoV-2 by activation of the adaptive immune response. In case when the response is not controlled, it can lead to lung tissue involvement in the course of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) or can result in multiple organ failure. Oxidative stress markers show good correlation with several cytokines, which can be measured at the beginning of the disease in a primary care setting to predict the course of COVID-19.

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“…Additionally, ROS supports extracellular mechanisms, activating immune cells against foreign microorganisms and aiding cellular debris clearance ( Zhang et al, 2016 ). Consequently, during a cytokine storm, heightened interleukin levels correlate with the oxidative stress index ( Petrusevska et al, 2022 ).…”