Alteration of extracellular collagen matrix in the myocardium of canines infected with Dirofilaria immitis

Wang, Jiunn-Shiow; Tung, Kwong‐Chung; Huang, Chiu-Chen; Lai, Cheng‐Hung

doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2005.04.041

Cited by 17 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Its alteration has been associated with vascular disease and its degradation products with the proliferation and migration of smooth muscle cells in remodeling arteries [ 45 ]. These results are consistent with those observed in vivo by Wang et al (2005) who reported a significantly lower amount of collagen in heartworm-infected dogs than in clinically normal dogs [ 15 ]. On the other hand, MMPs function in the extracellular environment of cells and degrade ECM molecules from the tissue.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Its key factor is the appearance of proliferative endarteritis, which results in the formation of intravascular microvilli. It has been described that this process is accompanied by an increase and migration of the cells of the arterial wall [ 11 – 14 ], as well as the destruction of the ECM [ 15 ]. These changes cause disorganization of the endothelium and reduction of the vascular lumen in the pulmonary arteries, with the consequent extension of pathology to the pulmonary parenchyma [ 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fibrinolysis and Proliferative Endarteritis: Two Related Processes in Chronic Infections? The Model of the Blood-Borne Pathogen Dirofilaria immitis

et al. 2015

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The interaction between blood-borne pathogens and fibrinolysis is one of the most important mechanisms that mediate invasion and the establishment of infectious agents in their hosts. However, overproduction of plasmin (final product of the route) has been related in other contexts to proliferation and migration of the arterial wall cells and degradation of the extracellular matrix. We have recently identified fibrinolysis-activating antigens from Dirofilaria immitis, a blood-borne parasite whose key pathological event (proliferative endarteritis) is produced by similar mechanisms to those indicated above. The objective of this work is to study how two of this antigens [actin (ACT) and fructose-bisphosphate aldolase (FBAL)] highly conserved in pathogens, activate fibrinolysis and to establish a relationship between this activation and the development of proliferative endarteritis during cardiopulmonary dirofilariasis. We demonstrate that both proteins bind plasminogen, enhance plasmin generation, stimulate the expression of the fibrinolytic activators tPA and uPA in endothelial cell cultures and are located on the surface of the worm in contact with the host’s blood. ELISA, western blot and immunofluorescence techniques were employed for this purpose. Additionally, the implication of lysine residues in this interaction was analyzed by bioinformatics. The involvement of plasmin generated by the ACT/FBAL and plasminogen binding in cell proliferation and migration, and degradation of the extracellular matrix were shown in an “in vitro” model of endothelial and smooth muscle cells in culture. The obtained results indicate that ACT and FBAL from D. immitis activate fibrinolysis, which could be used by the parasite like a survival mechanism to avoid the clot formation. However, long-term overproduction of plasmin can trigger pathological events similar to those described in the emergence of proliferative endarteritis. Due to the high degree of evolutionary conservation of these antigens, similar processes may occur in other blood-borne pathogens.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fibrinolysis and Proliferative Endarteritis: Two Related Processes in Chronic Infections? The Model of the Blood-Borne Pathogen Dirofilaria immitis

et al. 2015

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“…The lesions caused by D. immitis can be found at cardiovascular (Kaiser et al, 2004;Mehlhorn 2008), pulmonary, hepatic (McGavin et al, 2007) and renal (Paes-de-Almeida et al, 2003) levels, and generally consist of right heart dilation, profilerative endarteritis, strokes, myocardial collagen matrix thromboses (Wang et al, 2005) degenerative liver damage and kidney ultrastructure alterations. One of the most serious complications is the Caval syndrome.…”

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confidence: 99%

Vascular, hepatic and renal lesions by Dirofilaria immitis invasion in dogs

Pasca

Acatrinei

Oprean

et al. 2012

Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec.

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Morphological investigations were conducted on four bodies of dogs who died due to severe clinical symptoms following a massive invasion of cardiac and pulmonary Dirofilaria. The subjects were monitored clinically and diagnosed serologically positive for the Heartworm disease. The necropsy examination of the cardiovascular system (right ventricle and pulmonary artery) revealed the presence of 25 adult parasites in one dog with length ranging between 8 and 33cm. Macroscopically, lesions consistently observed were represented by the right ventricular dilatation and the diffuse wall thickening of the pulmonary artery. Parasitic invasion secondary lesions were present in the lungs, liver and kidneys (cardiac and vascular lesions). The histological examination mainly revealed myocardial injury, vascular (dystrophic), pulmonary (circulatory and inflammatory), hepatic (degenerative) and renal (degenerative and inflammatory) damage. Keywords: dog, injury, Dirofilaria immitis RESUMO Investigações morfológicas foram realizadas em quatro cadáveres de cães, mortos em razão de graves sintomas clínicos atribuídos à invasão massiva cardíaca e pulmonar por

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“…Venco et al (2005) indicated a clinically permanent coughing, dyspnea, and weakness during the development of the disease. In this study, in addition to undernutrition at D. immitis and lung tumors cause right ventricular failure by gradually leading to pulmonary hypertension, right ventricular dilatation, and hypertrophy in dogs (Rawlings and Lewis 1977;Soulsby 1982;Bertazzolo et al 2002;Wang et al 2005). The main differentiations observed in the right ventricular hypertrophy on the ECG are right axis deviation (>100°), deep S waves in I, II, and III, aVF, and V3, positive T waves in S v3 >0.8 mV, and V 10 (Atkins et al 1995), which should be accepted as criteria.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Dirofilaria immitis infection in dogs: unusually located and unusual findings

et al. 2007

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Clinical, blood, serum biochemistry, and parasitological assessments were performed on four hospitalized dogs, not in good general condition, in a study carried out to determine the prevalence of general parasitic infections. Hematological and biochemical parameters and electrocardiographic recording of the animals were determined during the general clinical examinations. Four dogs were indicated to have been infected with Dirofilaria immitis by using modified Knott's method, and the microfilarial density was determined. Mild to moderate anemia and decrease in sedimentation velocity were established in dogs. Differences in other hematological and biochemical values between the dogs were determined. Right axis deviation was determined in a dog. D. immitis was encountered in the right ventricle, bronchus, and the pericardial sac at the end of the necropsy. On the other hand, in the histopathological examinations, pulmonary adenocarcinoma deriving from bronchial epithelium was identified in a dog, and microfilaria was encountered in bronchial and bronchiolar lumens, interstitium of the lungs, and bile ducts. D. immitis has not been considered in the diagnosis of dogs with pneumonia and tumors. The requirement of parasitological examination with respect to D. immitis in the diagnosis of dogs with tumor or pneumonia has been considered vital.

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Alteration of extracellular collagen matrix in the myocardium of canines infected with Dirofilaria immitis

Cited by 17 publications

References 20 publications

Fibrinolysis and Proliferative Endarteritis: Two Related Processes in Chronic Infections? The Model of the Blood-Borne Pathogen Dirofilaria immitis

Fibrinolysis and Proliferative Endarteritis: Two Related Processes in Chronic Infections? The Model of the Blood-Borne Pathogen Dirofilaria immitis

Vascular, hepatic and renal lesions by Dirofilaria immitis invasion in dogs

Dirofilaria immitis infection in dogs: unusually located and unusual findings

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