Alteration of human sperm kinematics in cervical mucus due to nonoxynol-9

Dunmire, Erik N; Katz, David F.

doi:10.1016/s0010-7824(97)00009-7

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The isotonic fluid does not penetrate into the rugae, leaving a striping pattern when the vaginal tissue is opened and flattened. Others have suggested that hypotonic delivery could increase the contraceptive efficacy of nonoxynol-9 (N9) by improving mobility of N9 through mucus to reach sperm in the mucus [36, 37]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced vaginal drug delivery through the use of hypotonic formulations that induce fluid uptake

et al. 2013

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Mucosal epithelia use osmotic gradients for fluid absorption and secretion. We hypothesized that administration of hypotonic solutions would induce fluid uptake that could be advantageous for rapidly delivering drugs through mucus to the vaginal epithelium. We found that hypotonic formulations markedly increased the rate at which small molecule drugs and muco-inert nanoparticles (mucus-penetrating particles, or MPP), but not conventional mucoadhesive nanparticles (CP), reached the vaginal epithelial surface in vivo in mice. Additionally, hypotonic formulations greatly enhanced drug and MPP delivery to the entire epithelial surface, including deep into the vaginal folds (rugae) that drugs or MPP in isotonic formulations failed to reach efficiently. However, hypotonic formulations caused unencapsulated “free” drugs to be drawn through the epithelium, reducing vaginal retention. In contrast, hypotonic formulations caused MPP to accumulate rapidly and uniformly on vaginal surfaces, ideally positioned for localized sustained drug delivery. Using a mouse model of vaginal genital herpes (HSV-2) infection, we found that hypotonic delivery of free drug led to improved immediate protection, but diminished longer-term protection. In contrast, as we previously demonstrated, hypotonic delivery of drug via MPP led to better long-term retention and protection in the vagina. Importantly, we demonstrate that slightly hypotonic formulations provided rapid and uniform delivery of MPP to the entire vaginal surface, thus enabling formulations with minimal risk of epithelial toxicity. Hypotonic formulations for vaginal drug delivery via MPP may significantly improve prevention and treatment of reproductive tract diseases and disorders.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced vaginal drug delivery through the use of hypotonic formulations that induce fluid uptake

et al. 2013

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“…NPnEOs are an important group of nonionic surfactants that have been popular for their effectiveness, economy, and ease of handling and formulation for more than 40 years. They are used as detergents, emulsifiers, and wetting and dispersing agents and in the formulation of herbicides, spermicides, and cosmetics (9,32,35,41). NPnEOs account for 80% of the total volume of alkylphenol polyethoxylates, with a worldwide production of about 600,000 metric tonnes a year (7,23).…”

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confidence: 99%

Isolation of a Bacterial Strain Able To Degrade Branched Nonylphenol

Tanghe

Dhooge

Verstraete

1999

Appl Environ Microbiol

125

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Conventional enrichment of microorganisms on branched nonylphenol (NP) as only carbon and energy source yielded mixed cultures able to grow on the organic compound. However, plating yielded no single colonies capable, alone or in combination with other isolates, of degrading the NP in liquid culture. Therefore, a special approach was used, referred to as “serial dilution-plate resuspension,” to reduce culture complexity. In this way, one isolate, TTNP3, tentatively identified as a Sphingomonas sp., was found to be able to grow on NP in liquid culture. Remarkably, this isolate was able to be filtered through a 0.45-μm-pore-diameter filter. Moreover, isolate TTNP3 did not form visible colonies on mineral medium with NP, and it formed visible colonies on R2A agar only after a prolonged incubation of 1 week. High-performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy analysis of the culture media indicated that the strain starts the degradation of NP with a fission of the phenol ring and preferably uses the para isomer of NP and not the ortho isomer. No distinct accumulation of an intermediary product could be observed.

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“…As to the effects on motility characteristics, many studies showed the ability of N-9 to interfere with sperm motility even at a low concentration ( Louis & Pearson 1985 , Dunmire & Katz 1994 , 1997 a , White et al 1995 , Lee et al 1996 , Centola 1998 , Harrison & Chantler 1998 , Mahony 2001 , Ping et al 2005 , Shah et al 2005 , Zairi et al 2008 , Srivastava & Coutinho 2010 , Zaïri et al 2013 ). Three of them also evaluated motility parameters by computer-assisted sperm analysis and showed that N-9 treatment significantly reduced straight- line velocity (VSL), curvilinear velocity (VCL), linearity (LIN), and amplitude of lateral head displacement (ALH), and increased mean angular displacement (MAD) ( Dunmire & Katz 1994 , 1997 a , Mahony 2001 ) (Supplementary data 1, see section on supplementary materials given at the end of this article). VSL, VCL, LIN, and ALH have been reported to positively associate with fertility, while MAD shows a negative correlation ( King et al 2000 , Youn et al 2011 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…was converted to s.d. by multiplying the square root of the sample size ( Dunmire & Katz 1997 a , b ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of nonoxynol-9 (N-9) on sperm functions: systematic review and meta-analysis

Zhao

et al. 2022

Reproduction and Fertility

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Objective: To summarize the currently available Phase I and II clinical trials of the effects of Nonoxynol-9 (N-9) on human sperm structure and functions. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis aiming to evaluate the spermicidal activity of N-9 on motility, was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases by 10 March 2021. Counted numbers of progressive motile (PR) sperm in cervical mucus and the vanguard sperm penetration distances were analyzed. Other effects on sperm structures and physiological activities were reviewed as well. Results: In the pooled results, percentages or counted numbers of PR sperm decreased after the treatment of N-9. Vanguard sperm penetration distance was shortened in treated groups. N-9 has been confirmed to damage the structures of sperm, as well as other organelles like acrosome and mitochondria. The physiological activities such as generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, acrosin activity, and hemizona binding were all inhibited in the reviewed studies. Conclusions: N-9 has several impacts on sperm owing to its potency in reducing sperm motility and cervical mucus penetration, as well as other functional competencies.

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Alteration of human sperm kinematics in cervical mucus due to nonoxynol-9

Cited by 12 publications

References 16 publications

Enhanced vaginal drug delivery through the use of hypotonic formulations that induce fluid uptake

Enhanced vaginal drug delivery through the use of hypotonic formulations that induce fluid uptake

Isolation of a Bacterial Strain Able To Degrade Branched Nonylphenol

Effects of nonoxynol-9 (N-9) on sperm functions: systematic review and meta-analysis

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