Alteration of IGFBP-1 in Soccer Players Due to Intensive Training

Abstract

Physical activity is accompanied by the changes in Insulin-like Growth Factor I (IGF-I)/IGF-Binding Protein 1 (IGFBP-1) axis. Inconsistent results concerning IGF-I and IGFBP-1 levels were reported. In this study we have raised some questions on the events that occur at the molecular level of the exercise-related IGFBP-1 changes. We have examined the fragmentation pattern of IGFBP-1, IGFBP-1 protease activity, interaction between IGFBP-1 and alpha2-macroglobulin (α2M), and possible existence of minor structural changes of IGFBP-1 in professional soccer players. Athletes had significantly greater amounts of fragmented IGFBP-1, whereas no difference was found in the amount of intact IGFBP-1 compared with controls. An increased activity of matrix metalloprotease-9 (MMP-9) was detected in athletes, causing IGFBP-1 degradation down to the fragment of 9 kDa as the major one. The amount of α2M, which protects IGFBP-1 from proteolysis, or the amount of IGFBP-1/α2M complexes was unaltered. Finally, we have examined whether IGFBP-1 isolated from soccer players exhibited altered reactivity with several chemical surfaces used in surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF MS). Different reactivity was detected with anion and cation exchangers, suggesting existence of at least one sequence within IGFBP-1, whose ionization pattern was not equal in athletes and controls. Differences in spectra obtained with ion exchanges may reflect differences in IGFBP-1 phosphorylation. Physiological implications of the events described in this study on the IGF-I availability are, at this time, unknown. It can be hypothesized that IGFBP-1 proteolysis leads to altered distribution of IGF-I among IGFBPs, which may affect the final IGF-associated response.

Pengaruh modifikasi bola voli terhadap insuline-like growth factore 1 pada anak prapubertas

“…Berdasarkan uji ANOVA selisih kadar IGF-1 pada kelompok modifikasi permainan bola voli dengan kelompok kontrol kadar IGF-1 adalah P = 0,000 nilai signifikansi (P < 0,05) yang berarti terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan nilai kadar hormon IGF-1 antara kelompok modifikasi permainan bola voli dengan kelompok kontrol. Hal ini sesuai dengan penelitian terdahulu oleh (Lagundžin et al, 2013) menemukan terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan kadar IGF-1 antara kelompok modifikasi permainan sepak bola dan kelompok yang tidak diberikan intervensi pada anak usia 10-15 tahun. Penelitian terdahulu dari (Eliakim & Nemet, 2010) menemukan masa awal adaptasi olahraga sudah menyebabkan terjadinya peningkatan kadar IGF-1 dan meningkatkan massa otot serta kebugaran pada siswa.…”

Complexes between insulin-like growth factor binding proteins and alpha-2-macroglobulin in patients with tumor

“…Its synthesis in the liver is mainly controlled by metabolic factors, such as insulin and corticosteroids (Lagundžin et al, 2013). IGFBP-1 exists in several phosphoforms, whose ratio determines the overall affinity for IGFs (Abu Shehab et al, 2013).…”