Alteration of n-3 fatty acid composition in lung tissue after short-term infusion of fish oil emulsion attenuates inflammatory vascular reaction

Breil, I.; Koch, Thea; Heller, Axel R.; Schlotzer, E.; Grünert, A.; Ackern, K. van; Neuhof, H.

doi:10.1097/00003246-199611000-00021

Cited by 52 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…In contrast, inclusion of EPA decreased TXB 2 and 4-series LT generation, arterial pressure and vascular leakage and increased generation of TXB 3 and 5-series LT (15). Perfusion of isolated rabbit lungs with a fish oil-containing emulsion markedly attenuated the vascular inflammatory reaction (hypertension) induced by calcium ionophore (17). Compared with perfusion with a soybean oil-rich emulsion, fish oil decreased the concentration of LTC 4 in the perfusate by >50% and increased the concentration of LTC 5 from barely detectable (<10 pg/ml) to a concentration very similar to that of LTC 4 (approximately 150 pg/ml) (17).…”

Section: Eicosapentaenoic Acid As An Arachidonic Acid Antagonistmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Perfusion of isolated rabbit lungs with a fish oil-containing emulsion markedly attenuated the vascular inflammatory reaction (hypertension) induced by calcium ionophore (17). Compared with perfusion with a soybean oil-rich emulsion, fish oil decreased the concentration of LTC 4 in the perfusate by >50% and increased the concentration of LTC 5 from barely detectable (<10 pg/ml) to a concentration very similar to that of LTC 4 (approximately 150 pg/ml) (17). These observations indicate that n-3 PUFAs can significantly inhibit the acute inflammatory responses induced, or at least marked, by production of ARA-derived eicosanoids.…”

Section: Eicosapentaenoic Acid As An Arachidonic Acid Antagonistmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Long-chain n-3 fatty acids and inflammation: potential application in surgical and trauma patients

Calder

2003

Braz J Med Biol Res

157

120

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Section: Eicosapentaenoic Acid As An Arachidonic Acid Antagonistmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Eicosapentaenoic Acid As An Arachidonic Acid Antagonistmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-chain n-3 fatty acids and inflammation: potential application in surgical and trauma patients

Calder

2003

Braz J Med Biol Res

157

120

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“…While arachidonic acid infusion increases TXB 2 and 4-series LT generation, arterial pressure and vascular leakage (Grimminger et al 1997a,b), the inclusion of EPA in the perfusate decreases TXB 2 and 4-series LT generation, decreases arterial pressure and vascular leakage, and increases the generation of TXB 3 and 5-series LT (Grimminger et al 1997a). Perfusion with fish oil also attenuates the hypertension (Breil et al 1996) and the increased vascular permeability and oedema (Koch et al 1995) induced by Ca ionophore. These effects are associated with decreased production of LTC 4 and TXB 2 and markedly increased production of LTC 5 (Koch et al 1995;Breil et al 1996).…”

Section: Fish Oil Inflammation and Immunitymentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Perfusion with fish oil also attenuates the hypertension (Breil et al 1996) and the increased vascular permeability and oedema (Koch et al 1995) induced by Ca ionophore. These effects are associated with decreased production of LTC 4 and TXB 2 and markedly increased production of LTC 5 (Koch et al 1995;Breil et al 1996). In addition to the modulation of eicosanoid generation from arachidonic acid and to EPA acting as a substrate for an alternative family of eicosanoids, recent studies (for reviews, see Serhan 2004Serhan , 2005 have identified a novel group of anti-inflammatory mediators, termed resolvins, formed from EPA and DHA.…”

Section: Fish Oil Inflammation and Immunitymentioning

confidence: 97%

Use of fish oil in parenteral nutrition: rationale and reality

Calder

2006

Proc. Nutr. Soc.

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Excessive or inappropriate inflammation and immunosuppression are components of the response to surgery, trauma, injury and infection in some individuals and can lead, progressively, to sepsis and septic shock. The hyperinflammation is characterised by the production of inflammatory cytokines, arachidonic acid-derived eicosanoids and other inflammatory mediators, while the immunosuppression is characterised by impairment of antigen presentation and of T-helper lymphocyte type-1 responses. Long-chain n-3 fatty acids from fish oil decrease the production of inflammatory cytokines and eicosanoids. They act both directly (by replacing arachidonic acid as an eicosanoid substrate and by inhibiting arachidonic acid metabolism) and indirectly (by altering the expression of inflammatory genes through effects on transcription factor activation). Thus, long-chain n-3 fatty acids are potentially useful anti-inflammatory agents and may be of benefit in patients at risk of hyperinflammation and sepsis. As a consequence, an emerging application for n-3 fatty acids, in which they may be added to parenteral (or enteral) formulas, is in surgical or critically-ill patients. Parenteral nutrition that includes n-3 fatty acids appears to preserve immune function better than standard formulas and appears to diminish the extent of the inflammatory response. Studies to date are suggestive of clinical benefits from these approaches, especially in patients post surgery, although evidence of clinical benefit in patients with sepsis is emerging.

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“…1). Our group recently demonstrated that, even after short-term infusion of a fish oil emulsion, ω-3 FAs are metabolized and integrated into the phospholipid pool of cell membranes, therefore, leading to dampened inflammatory events [13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Parenteral Application of Fish Oil versus Soy Oil Emulsions on Bacterial Clearance Functions

Kelbel¹,

Koch²,

Prechtl³

et al. 1999

Transfus Med Hemother

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Background: The aim of this study was to test whether or not infusion of triglycerides containing ω-3 fatty acids (FAs) modifies immune function in terms of systemic clearance and organ distribution of injected Escherichia coli in a rabbit model. Materials and Methods: In groups of 6 rabbits each, a defined number of E. coli (1.3 × 10⁸ colony-forming units, CFU) was injected intravenously after 3 days of infusion with a lipid emulsion prepared from fish oil (Omegavenös^® 10%, 1.5 g/kg body weight/day), a soy oil preparation (Lipovenös^® 10%, 1.5 g/kg body weight/day), or after isotonic saline application (control). In order to compare dose-dependent effects, in a second experimental design a lower dose of each lipid emulsion (0.5 g/kg body weight) was infused over a 4-hour period before applicating E. coli . Parameters monitored were arterial pressure and rates of bacterial elimination from the blood. The animals were killed 3 h and 6 h after bacterial infection, respectively, and tissue samples of liver, spleen, lung, and kidney were collected for microbiological examinations. Results: Lipovenös infusion produced a significant delay in blood clearance compared with saline and Omegavenös treatment. The diminished systemic bacterial elimination after Lipovenös infusion was accompanied by increased numbers af viable bacteria in lung and spleen. In contrast to this, in the Omegavenös group bacterial counts in the lung did not increase and smaller amounts of viable bacteria were detected in organ homogenates 6 h after injection of E. coli . Conclusion: Compared with the soy oil preparation, ω-3 FAs induce improved bacterial clearance from the blood that is associated with significantly lower numbers of E. coli in the lung. Thus, appropriate nutrition providing ω-3 FA might serve as a pharmacological tool to improve host defence against bacterial infection in critically ill patients.

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Alteration of n-3 fatty acid composition in lung tissue after short-term infusion of fish oil emulsion attenuates inflammatory vascular reaction

Abstract: Short-term n-3 lipid application (fish oil emulsion) exerts anti-inflammatory effects on lung vasculature, which may be due to the metabolism of eicosapentaenoic acid resulting in the generation of less potent inflammatory eicosanoids.

Cited by 52 publications

References 41 publications

Long-chain n-3 fatty acids and inflammation: potential application in surgical and trauma patients

Long-chain n-3 fatty acids and inflammation: potential application in surgical and trauma patients

Use of fish oil in parenteral nutrition: rationale and reality

Effects of Parenteral Application of Fish Oil versus Soy Oil Emulsions on Bacterial Clearance Functions

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