Alteration of normal level of serum urate may contribute to decrease in estimated glomerular filtration rate decline in healthy Japanese men

Abstract

Introduction Serum uric acid (SUA) levels have a linear relationship with the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). It is unclear whether further changes, subsequent to normal level of SUA can attenuate eGFR decline in a healthy population, so we aimed to determine the normal level of SUA that can contribute to preventing kidney dysfunction. Methods In this retrospective cohort study from Japan, annual health checkup data from 2009 to 2014 was collected. After propensity score matching (1:1), data from 2,634 individuals with basal SUA ≤7.0 mg/dL (normal; mean age, 39 y; mean eGFR, 80.8 mL/min/1.73 m 2 ) and 1,642 individuals with basal SUA >7.0 mg/dL (elevated; mean age, 42 y; mean eGFR, 75.0 mL/min/1.73 m 2 ) were collected to determine the relationship between followed-up SUA level and the rate of change in eGFR. Results In individuals with normal level SUA at baseline, the elevation of SUA (>7.0 mg/dL) accelerated eGFR decline compared to those with normal SUA levels at 5-year follow-up (−4.1 ± 9.6% vs −9.9 ± 9.0%, p < .0001). Digression of SUA level (≤7.0 mg/dL) reduced eGFR decline compared with persistent SUA level over 7.0 mg/dL (−1.5 ± 11.5% vs −7.0 ± 10.1, p < .0001). In multiple linear regression analysis, there was strong association between the rate of change in SUA and eGFR in individuals with basal SUA ≤7.0 and >7.0 mg/dL (standardized coefficient; −0.3348, p < .001 and −.2523, p < .001, respectively). Conclusion Subsequent to normal level of SUA (under 7.0 mg/dL) may contribute to a decrease in eGFR decline in apparently healthy men.

Development of chronic kidney disease influenced by serum urate and body mass index based on young-to-middle-aged Japanese men: a propensity score-matched cohort study

“…In the analysis of risk for incident CKD, we accounted for the non-equivalence of this cohort via propensity score matching with logistic regression (SAS V.9.2, SAS InstituteNorth Carolina) as previously reported. 17 The propensity score represented the predicted probability that a given participant would have high-level SUA (≥6.6 mg/dL), and participants who had high-level SUA at baseline were matched to control participants (SUA <6.6 mg/dL at baseline) with a greedy algorithm. The propensity score model included the 5) 950 and (6) 495 participants (89.1%, 98.9%, 71.4%, 95.0%, 96.5% and 87.5% of high-level SUA participants, respectively) to the same number of control participants (SUA <6.6 mg/ dL) each (tables 1 and 2).…”

“…A student t test or χ 2 test was performed to compare the two groups using Stata V.12SE (Stata, College Station, Texas). In the analysis of risk for incident CKD, we accounted for the non-equivalence of this cohort via propensity score matching with logistic regression (SAS V.9.2, SAS InstituteNorth Carolina) as previously reported 17. The propensity score represented the predicted probability that a given participant would have high-level SUA (≥6.6 mg/dL), and participants who had high-level SUA at baseline were matched to control participants (SUA <6.6 mg/dL at baseline) with a greedy algorithm.…”

Influence of oxidative, carbonyl, and nitrosative stresses on the course of chronic kidney disease (analytical review)

“…In the presence of transition metals such as copper and iron, hydrogen peroxide present in the cell promotes the formation of hydroxyl radicals, which are much stronger oxidants than hydrogen peroxide itself. The feature of hydrogen peroxide, in contrast to superoxide, to diffuse freely through the cell membrane increases the damaging effects of FRO [9,10].…”

“…Mitochondrial AOP has a positive effect on life expectancy and mitigates the changes associated with aging [3][4][5][6][7][8].ROS are constantly formed in the oxidation process the main source of which is oxidoreductase and autooxidation of low molecular weight substances such as catecholamines [9].ROS include radicals such as superoxide anion (O 2•-), hydroxyl radical (HO • ), nitric oxide (NO • ), etc., and nonradical molecules with high reactivity: hydrogen pero xide (H 2 O 2 ), singlet oxygen ( 1 O 2 ), ozone (O 3 ), hypohaloids (HOCl, HOCI, HOBr, HOI, HOSCN), and others (Table 1). These are small molecules that have high reactivity due to the presence of an unpaired electron at the external electronic level [1,2,10,11].The primary oxidant is oxygen [11]. Molecular oxygen in the ground state has two unpaired electrons in the outer orbit with the same spin quantum numbers (biradical).…”

“…), hydroxyl radical (HO • ), nitric oxide (NO • ), etc., and nonradical molecules with high reactivity: hydrogen pero xide (H 2 O 2 ), singlet oxygen ( 1 O 2 ), ozone (O 3 ), hypohaloids (HOCl, HOCI, HOBr, HOI, HOSCN), and others (Table 1). These are small molecules that have high reactivity due to the presence of an unpaired electron at the external electronic level [1,2,10,11].…”