Alteration of the gut microbiota in Chinese population with chronic kidney disease

Abstract

We evaluated differences in the compositions of faecal microbiota between 52 end stage renal disease (ESRD) patients and 60 healthy controls in southern China using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and high-throughput sequencing (16S ribosomal RNA V4-6 region) methods. The absolute quantification of total bacteria was significantly reduced in ESRD patients (p < 0.01). In three enterotypes, Prevotella was enriched in the healthy group whereas Bacteroides were prevalent in the ESRD group (LDA score > 4.5). 11 bacterial taxa were significantly overrepresented in samples from ESRD and 22 bacterial taxa were overrepresented in samples from healthy controls. The butyrate producing bacteria, Roseburia, Faecalibacterium, Clostridium, Coprococcus and Prevotella were reduced in the ESRD group (LDA values > 2.0). Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) indicated that Cystatin C (CysC), creatinine and eGFR appeared to be the most important environmental parameters to influence the overall microbial communities. In qPCR analysis, The butyrate producing species Roseburia spp., Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Prevotella and Universal bacteria, were negatively related to CRP and CysC. Total bacteria in faeces were reduced in patients with ESRD compared to that in healthy individuals. The enterotypes change from Prevotella to Bacteroides in ESRD patients. The gut microbiota was associated with the inflammatory state and renal function of chronic kidney disease.

Amylose resistant starch (HAM‐RS2) supplementation increases the proportion of Faecalibacterium bacteria in end‐stage renal disease patients: Microbial analysis from a randomized placebo‐controlled trial

“…Supplementation of HAM‐RS2 in our ESRD patients resulted in a significant increase in the fecal population of Faecalibacterium , a highly abundant genus in the healthy human colon, known to be depleted in CKD patients . It is an extremely oxygen‐sensitive bacteria, and therefore approaches utilizing the prebiotic fiber to increase its prevalence are prudent, rather than a more direct probiotic approach.…”

“…Supplementation of HAM-RS2 in our ESRD patients resulted in a significant increase in the fecal population of Faecalibacterium, a highly abundant genus in the healthy human colon, known to be depleted in CKD patients. 11,12 It is an extremely oxygen-sensitive bacteria, and therefore approaches utilizing the prebiotic fiber to increase its prevalence are prudent, rather than a more direct probiotic approach. The anti-inflammatory mechanism of Faecalibacterium is not known; however, production of the SCFA butyrate plays a vital role in its protective property by modulating the immune system, upregulating epithelial tight junctions, and preserving the intestinal epithelium.…”

Linking gut microbiota to cardiovascular disease and hypertension: Lessons from chronic kidney disease

“…These findings were recently confirmed in a cohort of Chinese ESRD patients. The absolute quantification of total bacteria was significantly reduced, while diversity at the phylum level was maintained [7].…”

Exploring the role of the metabolite-sensing receptor GPR109a in diabetic nephropathy

“…Recently there has been an increasing amount of research conducted into the diet-gut-kidney axis, whereby elements in the diet alter the composition of the gut microbiota and subsequent production of microbial metabolites with these changes in gut homeostasis having downstream effects on the kidneys [2]. It has been noted that patients with diabetes [3] and ESRD [4,5] have a contraction in the bacterial taxa that produce beneficial short chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Furthermore, during ESRD, there is an increase in intestinal permeability and subsequent inflammation [6].…”