Alteration of the pro-oxidant xanthine oxidase (XO) in the thalamus and occipital cortex of patients with schizophrenia

Michel, Tanja Maria; Sheldrick, Abigail J.; Camara, Sybille; Grünblatt, Edna; Schneider, Frank; Riederer, Peter

doi:10.3109/15622975.2010.526146

Cited by 29 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 72 publications

(97 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Reduced activity of xanthine oxidase in the thalamus and occipital cortex of patients with chronic schizophrenia was observed. Studies show that elevated levels of xanthine oxidase also occur in the blood of schizophrenic patients [184].…”

Section: Uracil Xanthine Oxaninementioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative-Antioxidant Imbalance and Impaired Glucose Metabolism in Schizophrenia

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Schizophrenia is a neurodevelopmental disorder featuring chronic, complex neuropsychiatric features. The etiology and pathogenesis of schizophrenia are not fully understood. Oxidative-antioxidant imbalance is a potential determinant of schizophrenia. Oxidative, nitrosative, or sulfuric damage to enzymes of glycolysis and tricarboxylic acid cycle, as well as calcium transport and ATP biosynthesis might cause impaired bioenergetics function in the brain. This could explain the initial symptoms, such as the first psychotic episode and mild cognitive impairment. Another concept of the etiopathogenesis of schizophrenia is associated with impaired glucose metabolism and insulin resistance with the activation of the mTOR mitochondrial pathway, which may contribute to impaired neuronal development. Consequently, cognitive processes requiring ATP are compromised and dysfunctions in synaptic transmission lead to neuronal death, preceding changes in key brain areas. This review summarizes the role and mutual interactions of oxidative damage and impaired glucose metabolism as key factors affecting metabolic complications in schizophrenia. These observations may be a premise for novel potential therapeutic targets that will delay not only the onset of first symptoms but also the progression of schizophrenia and its complications.

show abstract

Section: Uracil Xanthine Oxaninementioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative-Antioxidant Imbalance and Impaired Glucose Metabolism in Schizophrenia

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Xanthine oxidase (XO) is an enzyme of special interest in this context, since it acts as a prooxidant, but its main product uric acid is a powerful antioxidant. By examining the activity of XO in the occipital cortex and thalamus of patients with psychosis, the authors found a decreased activity of XO suggesting a downregulation of cellular defence mechanisms in schizophrenia [176]. …”

Section: Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor-gamma Agonistsmentioning

confidence: 99%

ROS and Brain Diseases: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly

Popa‐Wagner

Mitran

Sivanesan

et al. 2013

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

346

222

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The brain is a major metabolizer of oxygen and yet has relatively feeble protective antioxidant mechanisms. This paper reviews the Janus-faced properties of reactive oxygen species. It will describe the positive aspects of moderately induced ROS but it will also outline recent research findings concerning the impact of oxidative and nitrooxidative stress on neuronal structure and function in neuropsychiatric diseases, including major depression. A common denominator of all neuropsychiatric diseases including schizophrenia and ADHD is an increased inflammatory response of the brain caused either by an exposure to proinflammatory agents during development or an accumulation of degenerated neurons, oxidized proteins, glycated products, or lipid peroxidation in the adult brain. Therefore, modulation of the prooxidant-antioxidant balance provides a therapeutic option which can be used to improve neuroprotection in response to oxidative stress. We also discuss the neuroprotective role of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) in the aged brain in response to oxidative stressors and nanoparticle-mediated delivery of ROS-scavenging drugs. The antioxidant therapy is a novel therapeutic strategy. However, the available drugs have pleiotropic actions and are not fully characterized in the clinic. Additional clinical trials are needed to assess the risks and benefits of antioxidant therapies for neuropsychiatric disorders.

show abstract

“… 71 Pro-oxidant xanthine oxidase (XO), which is found to play an integral role in purine/adenosine metabolism has decreased activity of XO in the occipital cortex and thalamus of patients with psychosis. 72 …”

Section: Metabolic Changes Involving the Occipital Lobe In Schizophrementioning

confidence: 99%

Alterations of the occipital lobe in schizophrenia

Tohid

Faizan

2015

NSJ

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The relationship of the occipital lobe of the brain with schizophrenia is not commonly studied; however, this topic is considered an essential subject matter among clinicians and scientists. We conducted this systematic review to elaborate the relationship in depth. We found that most schizophrenic patients show normal occipital anatomy and physiology, a minority showed dwindled values, and some demonstrated augmented function and structure. The findings are laborious to incorporate within single disease models that present the involvement of the occipital lobe in schizophrenia. Schizophrenia progresses clinically in the mid-twenties and thirties and its prognosis is inadequate. Changes in the volume, the gray matter, and the white matter in the occipital lobe are quite evident; however, the mechanism behind this involvement is not yet fully understood. Therefore, we recommend further research to explore the occipital lobe functions and volumes across the different stages of schizophrenia.

show abstract

Alteration of the pro-oxidant xanthine oxidase (XO) in the thalamus and occipital cortex of patients with schizophrenia

Cited by 29 publications

References 72 publications

Oxidative-Antioxidant Imbalance and Impaired Glucose Metabolism in Schizophrenia

Oxidative-Antioxidant Imbalance and Impaired Glucose Metabolism in Schizophrenia

ROS and Brain Diseases: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly

Alterations of the occipital lobe in schizophrenia

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About