Alterations and Potential Applications of Gut Microbiota in Biological Therapy for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

Abstract

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, is a chronic immune-mediated inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal tract that is closely associated with dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota. Currently, biologic agents are the mainstream therapies for IBD. With the increasing incidence of IBD, limitations of biologic agents have gradually emerged during treatment. Recent studies have indicated that gut microbiota is highly correlated with the efficacy of biologic agents. This review focuses on alterations in both the components and metabolites of gut microbiota during biological therapy for IBD, systematically summarises the specific gut microbiota closely related to the clinical efficacy, and compares current predictive models for the efficacy of biologics, further highlighting the predictive value of intestinal microbiota. Based on the mechanistic analysis of faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) and biologic agents, a new therapeutic strategy, comprising a combination of FMT and biologics, has been proposed as a promising treatment for IBD with improved efficacy.

Self-Perceived Physical Level and Fitness Performance in Children and Adolescents with Inflammatory Bowel Disease

“…Additionally, the contribution of gut microbiota alteration in the pathogenesis of IBD is generally accepted [ 39 , 40 , 41 ]. PA has been reported to be a significant modifier in preventing and restoring gut dysbiosis [ 42 ]; PA is associated with an increase in microflora diversity, an improvement in the development of commensal bacteria, and a beneficial metabolic function [ 42 , 43 ].…”

Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals, Gut Microbiota, and Human (In)Fertility—It Is Time to Consider the Triad

“…The GM is a potential controller of wellness and disease. As demonstrated by experimental, clinical, and epidemiological evidence, a dysbiotic microbiota (i.e., a microbiota that deviates from the “eubiotic” status in terms of diversity and functionality [ 11 ]) is implicated in a range of diseases in adults, including inflammatory bowel disease [ 12 , 13 ], arthritis [ 14 ], cancer [ 15 ], neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders [ 16 ], cardiometabolic [ 17 ] and cardiovascular [ 18 ] disease, obesity [ 19 ], type 2 diabetes [ 20 , 21 , 22 ], and, as detailed below, infertility.…”

Microbiota and Gut Health: Promising Prospects for Clinical Trials from Bench to Bedside

“…For example, infliximab is a monoclonal antibody which acts as an inhibitor of proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α effectively attenuating its release [86]. Many studies have shown that during the anti-inflammatory treatment, both the gut microbiota and its metabolic product compositions are significantly changed [87]. As for infliximab treatment, in a systemic review of 10 studies, Estevinho et al found the gut microbiome α-diversity of the patients who responded to infliximab have be improved with the increased abundances in genus, including Faecalibacterium, Roseburia, or Clostridium [88].…”

“…In this study, they found that despite the nationality, patients from both populations show an increase in Clostridiales after receiving Infliximab treatment. Apart from Clostridiales, the number of bacteria species such as Bifidobacterium, Clostridium colinum, Eubacterium rectale, and Vibrio also showed an increasing trend after infliximab treatment [87]. More importantly, the increased abundance of Clostridiales can serve as a biomarker for predicting the effectiveness of infliximab treatment with an accuracy of up to 85% [89] During the mild or even severe stages of the disease, patients are recommended to take surgery to remove the infected colon because of the increased risk of colon cancer.…”