Alterations in Cerebrospinal Fluid PO2, PCO2, and pH Measurements during and after Experimental Thoracic Aortic Cross-Clamping

Ischemic preconditioning ameliorates spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury by triggering autoregulation

“…Similar findings were reported with a CSF PO 2 study in spinal cord ischemia, but with an intrathecal CSF PO 2 monitor with a LICOX probe, which is more flexible and minimally invasive. 32 Reliable methods for monitoring spinal cord blood flow and oxygenation during thoracoabdominal aortic operations may be important for paraplegia prevention. The predictive power of intrathecal CSF PO 2 monitoring must be determined; then, a combination of CSF drainage and CSF PO 2 monitoring may be used as a new intraoperative monitoring system akin to the spinal cord evoked potential technique.…”

Which type of conditioning method protects the spinal cord from the ischemia–reperfusion injury in 24 hours?

“…18 The primary factor of this complication is thought to be an ischemia-reperfusion injury, although many other different factors contribute to the injury. 1,6,7,20 The cardioprotective effect of preconditioning has been further confirmed in several models and studies, but its protective effect on the spinal cord is very limited. 15,20 IPre, which was first identified by Murry et al, can be described as the brief intermittent repetitive interruption of the blood flow before the ischemic period to increase the ischemic tolerance to a subsequent longer ischemic period.…”

“…1 Although the pathogenesis of the spinal cord injury is multifactorial, the principal reason is thought to be related to ischemia and a reperfusion injury of the spinal cord. 1,6,7,9 Since ischemic preconditioning (IPre) as a potent endogenous form of cardioprotection against ischemia-reperfusion injury was first introduced in 1986, IPre has also been shown to have powerful protective effects against ischemia-reperfusion injury in the neural system, including the spinal cord. [10][11][12] Another endogenous form of cardioprotection, postconditioning, was reported later.…”

“…Nevertheless, the potentially devastating, unexpected, and sometimes fatal complications after this type of surgery rarely lead to permanent ischemic spinal cord injury. 1–8 Most often, neurological injury is observed during the early postoperative period and is thought to be a result of ischemia–reperfusion associated with the aortic cross-clamping or the sacrifice of vessels critical for the blood supply of the spinal cord during the operative repair. 1 Although the pathogenesis of the spinal cord injury is multifactorial, the principal reason is thought to be related to ischemia and a reperfusion injury of the spinal cord.…”

“…1 Although the pathogenesis of the spinal cord injury is multifactorial, the principal reason is thought to be related to ischemia and a reperfusion injury of the spinal cord. 1,6,7,9…”