Alterations in composition and diversity of the intestinal microbiota in patients with diarrhea‐predominant irritable bowel syndrome

Carroll, Ian M.; Ringel–Kulka, Tamar; Siddle, Jennica P.; Ringel, Yehuda

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2982.2012.01891.x

Cited by 372 publications

(324 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Such differences include a reduction in overall diversity, and shifts in major phyla like the Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, as well as commensals like Bifidobacterium, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Roseburia. [63][64][65][66][67] It is not yet clear whether the changed microbiome is the cause or the effect of the increased inflammatory flare-ups and sensitivity to pain, but studies are beginning to demonstrate a role of the microbiota in the exacerbation of these diseases. 68,69 Of particular importance, exposure to psychological stress often precedes the exacerbation of IBD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The structures of the colonic mucosa-associated and luminal microbial communities are distinct and differentially affected by a prolonged murine stressor

Galley

Yu²,

Kumar

et al. 2014

Gut Microbes

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The commensal microbiota of the human gastrointestinal tract live in a largely stable community structure, assisting in host physiological and immunological functions. Changes to this structure can be injurious to the health of the host, a concept termed dysbiosis. Psychological stress is a factor that has been implicated in causing dysbiosis, and studies performed by our lab have shown that restraint stress can indeed shift the cecal microbiota structure as well as increase the severity of a colonic infection caused by Citrobacter rodentium. However, this study, like many others, have focused on fecal contents when examining the effect of dysbiosis-causing stimuli (e.g. psychological stress) upon the microbiota. Since the mucosa-associated microbiota have unique properties and functions that can act upon the host, it is important to understand how stressor exposure might affect this niche of bacteria. To begin to understand whether chronic restraint stress changes the mucosa-associated and/or luminal microbiota mice underwent 7 16-hour cycles of restraint stress, and the microbiota of both colonic tissue and fecal contents were analyzed by sequencing using nextgen bacterial tag-encoded FLX amplicon technology (bTEFAP) pyrosequencing. Both control and stress groups had significantly different mucosa-associated and luminal microbiota communities, highlighting the importance of focusing gastrointestinal community structure analysis by microbial niche. Furthermore, restraint stress was able to disrupt both the mucosa-associated and luminally-associated colonic microbiota by shifting the relative abundances of multiple groups of bacteria. Among these changes, there was a significant reduction in the immunomodulatory commensal genus Lactobacillus associated with colonic mucosa. The relative abundance of Lactobacillus spp. was not affected in the lumen. These results indicate that stressor-exposure can have distinct effects upon the colonic microbiota situated at the mucosal epithelium in comparison to the luminal-associated microbiota.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The structures of the colonic mucosa-associated and luminal microbial communities are distinct and differentially affected by a prolonged murine stressor

Galley

Yu²,

Kumar

et al. 2014

Gut Microbes

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“…56 Many reports associate intestinal dysbiosis and a common FGID, IBS, although a cause and effect relationship has not been demonstrated. 57,58 Next generation sequencing technologies recently have revealed in more detail gut dysbiosis in different IBS cohorts in both children, teenagers and adults. In one study performed in the pediatric population, 59 the IBS Figure 3.…”

Section: The Association Between Intestinal Microbiome and The Brain-mentioning

confidence: 99%

The intestinal microbiome, probiotics and prebiotics in neurogastroenterology

Saulnier¹,

et al. 2013

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The brain-gut axis allows bidirectional communication between the central nervous system (CNS) and the enteric nervous system (ENS), linking emotional and cognitive centers of the brain with peripheral intestinal functions. Recent experimental work suggests that the gut microbiota have an impact on the brain-gut axis. A group of experts convened by the International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP) discussed the role of gut bacteria on brain functions and the implications for probiotic and prebiotic science. The experts reviewed and discussed current available data on the role of gut microbiota on epithelial cell function, gastrointestinal motility, visceral sensitivity, perception and behavior. Data, mostly gathered from animal studies, suggest interactions of gut microbiota not only with the enteric nervous system but also with the central nervous system via neural, neuroendocrine, neuroimmune and humoral links. Microbial colonization impacts mammalian brain development in early life and subsequent adult behavior. These findings provide novel insights for improved understanding of the potential role of gut microbial communities on psychological disorders, most particularly in the field of psychological comorbidities associated with functional bowel disorders like irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and should present new opportunity for interventions with pro-and prebiotics.

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“…Oral microbiomes that are beneficial to hosts are diverse and abundantly populated with mutualistic taxa [3]. Conversely, low diversity can be correlated with a high abundance of pathogenic bacteria or increased susceptibility to low abundance opportunistic pathogens, and poor health [4,5]. Such pathogenesis of the oral (buccal and respiratory) microbiome has been connected to epizootic events in wildlife populations [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stress and the microbiome: linking glucocorticoids to bacterial community dynamics in wild red squirrels

et al. 2016

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Bacterial diversity within animals is emerging as an essential component of health, but it is unknown how stress may influence the microbiome. We quantify a proximate link between the oral microbiome and hypothalamic-pituitary -adrenal (HPA) axis activity using faecal glucocorticoid metabolites (FGM) in wild red squirrels (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus). Not only was bacterial diversity lower at higher levels of FGM, but also between capture periods a change in bacterial relative abundance was related to an increase in FGM. These linkages between the HPA axis and microbiome communities represent a powerful capacity for stress to have multi-dimensional effects on health.

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Alterations in composition and diversity of the intestinal microbiota in patients with diarrhea‐predominant irritable bowel syndrome

Cited by 372 publications

References 59 publications

The structures of the colonic mucosa-associated and luminal microbial communities are distinct and differentially affected by a prolonged murine stressor

The structures of the colonic mucosa-associated and luminal microbial communities are distinct and differentially affected by a prolonged murine stressor

The intestinal microbiome, probiotics and prebiotics in neurogastroenterology

Stress and the microbiome: linking glucocorticoids to bacterial community dynamics in wild red squirrels

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