Alterations in diurnal cortisol rhythm and acoustic startle response in nonhuman primates with adverse rearing

Sánchez, Mar M.; Noble, Pamela L.; Lyon, Casie K.; Plotsky, Paul M.; Davis, Michael; Nemeroff, Charles B.; Winslow, James

doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.11.032

Cited by 159 publications

(146 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Changes in nervous system CRF tone appear to be associated with these changes in HPA responsiveness, as illustrated by elevations in CSF CRFir in the adult HMS180 rats (Figure 2), in several primate models of early adversity (Coplan et al, 1996;Maestripieri et al, 2005), primates with fearful temperaments (Kalin et al, 2000), and in abused children as well as in adult women with a history of abuse (Heim and Nemeroff, 2001;Newport et al, 2003;Carpenter et al, 2004). Alternatively, we recently reported blunting of the diurnal cortisol rhythm in rhesus monkeys exposed to early adversity without accompanying changes in CSF CRFir (Sanchez et al, 2005). This difference may be developmentally related or represent a species difference.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Long-Term Consequences of Neonatal Rearing on Central Corticotropin-Releasing Factor Systems in Adult Male Rat Offspring

Plotsky

Thrivikraman

Nemeroff

et al. 2005

Neuropsychopharmacol

451

321

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In a series of studies on the long-term consequences of neonatal rearing, we compared hypothalamic and extrahypothalamic central corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) systems in male rats reared under conditions of animal facility rearing, nonhandling (HMS0), handling with brief maternal separation for 15 min (HMS15), or handling with moderate maternal separation for 180 min (HMS180) daily from postnatal days 2-14. CRF-like immunoreactivity (CRFir) was elevated in lumbar cerebrospinal fluid of adult HMS180 and HMS0 rats relative to the other groups. In the paraventricular nucleus, central nucleus of the amygdala, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, and locus coeruleus, CRFir and CRF mRNA levels were significantly elevated in HMS0 and HMS180 rats. Neonatal maternal separation was associated with regionally specific alterations in CRF receptor type 1 (CRF1) mRNA density in HMS180 rats. No rearing-associated differences in CRF2a binding were apparent in either the lateral septum or the ventromedial hypothalamus. These findings indicate that early rearing conditions can permanently alter the developmental set-point of central CRF systems, and potentially influence the expression of behavioral and endocrine responses to stress throughout life, thereby providing a possible neurobiological substrate for the relationship between early life events and increased vulnerability for hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and coping skill alterations and the frequency of mood disorders in patients with a history of such experiences.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Long-Term Consequences of Neonatal Rearing on Central Corticotropin-Releasing Factor Systems in Adult Male Rat Offspring

Plotsky

Thrivikraman

Nemeroff

et al. 2005

Neuropsychopharmacol

451

321

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“…However, as a mediator of investment in pair-bonding, OT is subject to trade-offs in relationship investment based on relationship quality. For example, in aggressive individuals, OT administration increases jealousy [53], as well as the propensity for intimate partner violence, a potential tactic to limit a mate's access to members of the opposite sex [54]. In sum, OT is associated with the regulation and maintenance of pair-bonds, above and beyond sexual behaviour, with studies indicating both positive and negative impacts of OT on relationships depending on the social context.…”

Section: (C) Oxytocin and Pair-bondsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolving the neuroendocrine physiology of human and primate cooperation and collective action

Trumble¹,

Jaeggi²,

Gurven³

2015

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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While many hormones play vital roles in facilitating or reinforcing cooperative behaviour, the neurohormones underlying competitive and cooperative behaviours are largely conserved across all mammals. This raises the question of how endocrine mechanisms have been shaped by selection to produce different levels of cooperation in different species. Multiple components of endocrine physiology—from baseline hormone concentrations, to binding proteins, to the receptor sensitivity and specificity—can evolve independently and be impacted by current socio-ecological conditions or individual status, thus potentially generating a wide range of variation within and between species. Here, we highlight several neurohormones and variation in hormone receptor genes associated with cooperation, focusing on the role of oxytocin and testosterone in contexts ranging from parenting and pair-bonding to reciprocity and territorial defence. While the studies reviewed herein describe the current state of the literature with regard to hormonal modulators of cooperation and collective action, there is still a paucity of research on hormonal mechanisms that help facilitate large-scale collective action. We end by discussing several potential areas for future research.

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“…In nonhuman primates, manipulations that disrupt the mother-infant relations-including maternal deprivation and repeated separation-produce offspring that are behaviorally vulnerable to stressors (Suomi, 1997;Levine, 2005). In several recent studies of rhesus infants reared under conditions of maternal deprivation or repeated, unpredictable maternal separations, researchers have reported atypical diurnal cortisol activity resulting particularly from low early morning cortisol levels (Boyce et al, 1995;Sánchez et al, 2005). These animal data suggest that circumstances that limit a caregiver's ability to serve as an external source of affective and physiological regulation during critical points in development impact the development of the HPA axis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of a therapeutic intervention for foster preschoolers on diurnal cortisol activity

Fisher

Stoolmiller

Gunnar

et al. 2007

Psychoneuroendocrinology

297

257

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Atypical diurnal patterns of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity have been observed samples of individuals following early life adversity. A characteristic pattern arising from disrupted caregiving is a low early morning cortisol level that changes little from morning to evening. Less well understood is the plasticity of the HPA axis in response to subsequent supportive caregiving environments. Monthly early morning and evening cortisol levels were assessed over 12 months in a sample of 3-to 6-year-old foster children enrolled in a randomized trial of a family-based therapeutic intervention (N = 117; intervention condition n = 57; regular foster care condition n = 60), and a community comparison group of same-aged, nonmaltreated children from low-income families (n = 60). Latent growth analyses revealed stable and typical diurnal (morning-to-evening) cortisol activity among community comparison children. Foster children in the intervention condition exhibited cortisol activity that became comparable to the comparison group children over the course of the study. In contrast, children in regular foster care condition exhibited increasingly flattened morning-to-evening cortisol activity over the course of the study. In sum, improvements in caregiving following early adversity appear to have the potential to reverse or prevent disruptions in HPA axis functioning.

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Alterations in diurnal cortisol rhythm and acoustic startle response in nonhuman primates with adverse rearing

Cited by 159 publications

References 55 publications

Long-Term Consequences of Neonatal Rearing on Central Corticotropin-Releasing Factor Systems in Adult Male Rat Offspring

Long-Term Consequences of Neonatal Rearing on Central Corticotropin-Releasing Factor Systems in Adult Male Rat Offspring

Evolving the neuroendocrine physiology of human and primate cooperation and collective action

Effects of a therapeutic intervention for foster preschoolers on diurnal cortisol activity

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