“…Functional abnormalities in T lymphocytes have been observed in patients with ovarian, cervical, renal cell, colorectal, prostate and head and neck cancers, including defective Ca 2+ mobilization, impaired tyrosine kinase activity, and decreased expression of TcR-associated zeta and epsilon chains (Tartour et al, 1995;Lai et al, 1996;Rabinowich et al, 1996;Mulder et al, 1997;deGruijl et al, 1999;Kuss et al, 1999). In patients with gynaecologic malignancies, the diminished expression of the signal-transducing zeta chain has been observed in both tumour-infiltrating T cells and peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients with advancedcancer (Lai et al, 1996;Rabinowich et al, 1996;deGruijl et al, 1999).…”