Alterations in rat central nervous system endorphins following transauricular electroacupuncture

Pert, Agu; Dionne, Raymond A.; Ng, Lorenz K.Y.; Bragin, E. O.; Moody, Terry W.; Pert, Candace B.

doi:10.1016/0006-8993(81)91118-5

Cited by 103 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…There is convincing evidence that acupuncture stimulates the production of endorphins, serotonin and acetylcholine within the central nervous system, thus enhancing analgesia. [74][75][76][77][78][79] In the inflammatory reflex of the autonomous nervous system (ANS), acupuncture can harmonise ANS and suppress inflammation for analgesia. [80][81][82][83][84][85] With respect to the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, the ANS and the descending inhibitory pathway, acupuncture should be considered as a viable option in the management of these patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acupuncture for primary dysmenorrhoea: a systematic review

Cho

2010

BJOG

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Background The effectiveness of acupuncture in primary dysmenorrhoea is not fully understood.Objectives To assess the effectiveness of acupuncture for the symptomatic treatment of primary dysmenorrhoea from randomised controlled trials (RCTs).Search strategy Nineteen electronic databases, including English, Korean, Japanese and Chinese databases, were systematically searched for RCTs investigating acupuncture for primary dysmenorrhoea up to July 2008 with no language restrictions.Selection criteria All RCTs that evaluated the effects of acupuncture compared with controls were included. Studies that assessed the effect of moxibustion or body acupressure were excluded.Data collection and analysis The study abstraction and quality assessment of all studies were undertaken following the detailed descriptions of these categories as described in the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions.Main results Twenty-seven RCTs were systematically reviewed. Only nine of the 27 trials clearly described their methods of randomisation and none of the trials stated the methods of allocation concealment. Compared with pharmacological treatment or herbal medicine, acupuncture was associated with a significant reduction in pain. Three studies reported reduced pain within groups from baseline; however, two RCTs did not find a significant difference between acupuncture and sham acupuncture.Author's conclusions The review found promising evidence in the form of RCTs for the use of acupuncture in the treatment of primary dysmenorrhoea compared with pharmacological treatment or herbal medicine. However, the results were limited by methodological flaws. The evidence for the effectiveness of acupuncture for the treatment of primary dysmenorrhoea is not convincing compared with sham acupuncture. Further rigorous nonpenetrating placebo-controlled RCTs are warranted.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acupuncture for primary dysmenorrhoea: a systematic review

Cho

2010

BJOG

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“…Electroacupuncture stimulation at a frequency of 20e40 Hz was preferred at the start of operation, and the frequency was increased afterward. Auricular electroacupuncture was not helpful in producing the analgesic effect, as it did not result in increased endorphin levels in the animal's plasma as reported by Pert et al [33].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Successful Practice of Electroacupuncture Analgesia in Equine Surgery

Sheta

Ragab

Farghali

et al. 2015

Journal of Acupuncture and Meridian Studies

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Electroacupuncture analgesia was used for surgery in horses and donkeys. A KWD-808 electrical stimulator was used to incrementally induce a dense, dispersed wave output at frequencies from 20 to 55 Hz, which was maintained at a frequency of 55 Hz, and to change the amplitude of the wave to the best grading number for the suggested operation in each animal. Induction of analgesia lasted for 20-30 minutes, and the effect of analgesia was maintained for 20-45 minutes depending on the type of surgery performed. The exhibited clinical signs, physical examination data, and the responses of all animals were used for evaluating the periods of analgesia. Although the majority of the cases (95%) had no response to strong surgical pain, they experienced significant increases in heart rates and respiratory rates during induction. The lack of pain, relaxed surgical procedures, reduced intraoperative bleeding, and improved healing without complications were all definite benefits of using electroacupuncture analgesia in surgery. Thus, this study has provided surgical evidence supporting the effectiveness of electroacupuncture analgesia, as well as confirming its reliability, in the field of equine anesthesia and surgery.

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“…Using the model described previously for AEA, Pert et al (1981) reported on alterations in rat central nervous system (CNS) endorphins following AEA stimulation.^ Such stimulation in naive rats was found to produce naloxone-reversible analgesia. This was accompanied by significant increases in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of endorphins with concomitant decreases in the basomedial hypothalamus and medial thalamus of j3-endorphinlike immunoreactivity as well as endorphinlike radioreceptor activity.…”

Section: Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Auricular Acupuncture in Animals: Effects of Opiate Withdrawal and Involvement of Endorphins

1996

The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine

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T his presentation summarizes the results of STUDY 2 five studies and their conclusions. For details, please refer to the original articles. Ho et al. (1978)^ similarly reported in female mice that acupuncture w^ith electrical stimulation (AES) w^as successful in suppressing w^ith-STUDY 1 drawal signs and that its action may be mediated by increasing the level of opiatelike An animal model for auricular acupuncture compounds in the brain, w^as described by Ng et al. in rats in 1975.^ In animals, because no criteria have been established to provide guidelines as to the efficacy of STUDY 3 one's acupuncture procedure (e.g., the presence of teqi in humans), a behavioral sign w^as used Choy et al. (1978),^ using the same AES instead as the endpoint. In the rat, it was found model in female mice, found that AE A was suethat application of strong pressure, particularly cessful in suppressing the withdrawal signs of to the area of the concha or ear root, can induce morphine-addicted mice. In abrupt witha state of behavioral inhibition that appears to drawals precipitated by naloxone, plasma bear some resemblance to the state of behav-adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) rises to a high ioral inhibition observed in a variety of animal level that can also be effectively suppressed by species under certain sensory manipulations. AES. The concomitant reduction of plasma Furthermore, it was found that this state of be-ACTH level to its normal value and the suphavioral inhibition could be maintained for con-pression of withdrawal signs in naloxone-presiderable periods of time if a rhythmic, low-in-cipitated withdrawal by AES suggest an intertensity, low-frequency stimulus was applied relationship between endogenous opiatelike and if handling and disturbing noises were kept peptides and plasma ACTH level, to a minimum. Using these observations, Ng et al. developed what they felt was a first approximation of an animal model for auricular STUDY 4 electroacupuncture (AEA). This model was used to test the effects of AEA on the withWen et al. (1979),^ in a further elaboration of drawal syndrome of morphine-addicted rats. It the previous study, reported that 30 minutes of was found that AEA could produce significant AES could suppress withdrawal behaviors in attenuation of certain morphine abstinence mice by more than 60 percent. Concomitant to signs precipitated by naloxone.the decrease of withdrawal behavior, there was National Rehabilitation Hospital, Bethesda, MD. 61

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Alterations in rat central nervous system endorphins following transauricular electroacupuncture

Cited by 103 publications

References 22 publications

Acupuncture for primary dysmenorrhoea: a systematic review

Acupuncture for primary dysmenorrhoea: a systematic review

Successful Practice of Electroacupuncture Analgesia in Equine Surgery

Auricular Acupuncture in Animals: Effects of Opiate Withdrawal and Involvement of Endorphins

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