Alterations in the Fecal Microbiota of Patients with HIV-1 Infection: An Observational Study in A Chinese Population

Ling, Zongxin; Jin, Changzhong; Xie, Tiansheng; Cheng, Yiwen; Li, Lanjuan; Wu, Nanping

doi:10.1038/srep30673

Cited by 162 publications

(202 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…Samples were collected from the mid-stream stool in the present study, which is less convenient than swabbing, but may retain Several studies have found that a-diversity was significantly decreased in untreated HIV-infected patients [9,14]. While Ling et al [20] showed no difference in bacterial alpha diversity of gut microbiota between HIV-infected patients and healthy controls, another study found a clear decrease in overall bacterial diversity after effective HAART [5,8]. In this study, HIV-infected individuals had lower levels of Prevotella, a genus of Gram-negative anaerobic bacteria previously grouped in the genus Bacteroides and Bacteroides.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…Although little is known about alterations of gut microbiota in Chinese patients infected with HIV, Ling et al researched the issue in Zhejiang province in eastern China. The authors observed that a-diversity indices did not differ significantly between the healthy controls and patients infected with HIV-1, while the proportion of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes increased significantly in HIV-1-infected patients [20]. Sun et al [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Alterations in the gut microbiota of patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome

Zhou

Tang³

et al. 2018

J Cellular Molecular Medi

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Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), caused by infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), is associated with gastrointestinal disease, systemic immune activation and changes in the gut microbiota. Here, we aim to investigate the gut microbiota patterns of HIVinfected individuals and HIV-uninfected individuals in populations from South China. We enrolled 33 patients with HIV (14 participants treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy [HAART] for more than 3 months; the remaining 19 individuals had not received treatment) and 35 healthy controls (HC) for a cross-sectional comparison of gut microbiota using stool samples. Gut microbial communities were profiled by sequencing the bacterial 16S rRNA genes. Dysbiosis was more common among patients with AIDS compared with healthy individuals. Dysbiosis was characterized by decreased a-diversity, low mean counts of Bacteroidetes, Faecalibacterium, Prevotella, Bacteroides vulgatus, Dialister and Roseburia inulnivorans, and high mean counts of Proteobacteria, Enterococcus, Streptococcus, Lactobacillus, Lachnociostridium, Ruminococcus gnavus and Streptococcus vestibularis. Increased abundance of Bacilli was observed in homosexual patients. Proteobacteria were higher among heterosexual patients with HIV infections. Tenericutes were higher among patients with history of intravenous drug abuse. Restoration of gut microbiota diversity and a significant increase in abundance of Faecalibacterium, Blautia and Bacteroides were found in patients receiving HAART compared to those who did not receive. HIV infection-associated dysbiosis is characterized by decreased levels of adiversity and Bacteroidetes, increased levels of Proteobacteria and the alterations of gut microbiota correlate with the route of HIV transmission. The imbalanced faecal microbiota of HIV infection is partially restored after therapy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alterations in the gut microbiota of patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome

Zhou

Tang³

et al. 2018

J Cellular Molecular Medi

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“…Low‐grade systemic inflammation characterized by activated T cells, inflammatory cytokines, endotoxaemia and gut bacteria translocation has been linked to poor disease outcomes and increased mortality . Studies have demonstrated that HIV infection is associated with intestinal dysbiosis characterized by increased Prevotella and reduction in Bacteroides . Recent studies suggest that increased Prevotella in HIV is a driver for persistent inflammation in the gut leading to mucosal dysfunction and systemic inflammation .…”

Section: Gut Dysbiosis Triggered By Hivmentioning

confidence: 99%

The immune response to Prevotella bacteria in chronic inflammatory disease

2017

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Summary The microbiota plays a central role in human health and disease by shaping immune development, immune responses and metabolism, and by protecting from invading pathogens. Technical advances that allow comprehensive characterization of microbial communities by genetic sequencing have sparked the hunt for disease‐modulating bacteria. Emerging studies in humans have linked the increased abundance of Prevotella species at mucosal sites to localized and systemic disease, including periodontitis, bacterial vaginosis, rheumatoid arthritis, metabolic disorders and low‐grade systemic inflammation. Intriguingly, Prevotella abundance is reduced within the lung microbiota of patients with asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Increased Prevotella abundance is associated with augmented T helper type 17 (Th17) ‐mediated mucosal inflammation, which is in line with the marked capacity of Prevotella in driving Th17 immune responses in vitro. Studies indicate that Prevotella predominantly activate Toll‐like receptor 2, leading to production of Th17‐polarizing cytokines by antigen‐presenting cells, including interleukin‐23 (IL‐23) and IL‐1. Furthermore, Prevotella stimulate epithelial cells to produce IL‐8, IL‐6 and CCL20, which can promote mucosal Th17 immune responses and neutrophil recruitment. Prevotella‐mediated mucosal inflammation leads to systemic dissemination of inflammatory mediators, bacteria and bacterial products, which in turn may affect systemic disease outcomes. Studies in mice support a causal role of Prevotella as colonization experiments promote clinical and inflammatory features of human disease. When compared with strict commensal bacteria, Prevotella exhibit increased inflammatory properties, as demonstrated by augmented release of inflammatory mediators from immune cells and various stromal cells. These findings indicate that some Prevotella strains may be clinically important pathobionts that can participate in human disease by promoting chronic inflammation.

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“…Even the dysbiosis in the gut or the respiratory tract has been linked to alterations in immune responses and to disease development [50]. Also the severity of malaria seems to be modulated by the composition of the gut microbiota [51], and in patients with human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) infection a linkage between alterations in the gut microbiota and the increase in microbial translocation and systemic inflammation could be confirmed [52]. In addition, researchers were able to determine a link between the intestinal microbiome and hepatitis B virus infection given that the gut microbiota composition was shown in a hydrodynamic transfection mouse model to contribute to the age dependence of hepatitis B virus clearance and immunity [53].…”

Section: Applications Of Germfree Rodent Models In Biomedical Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissecting the interplay between intestinal microbiota and host immunity in health and disease: Lessons learned from germfree and gnotobiotic animal models

Fiebiger

Bereswill

Heimesaat

2016

EuJMI

123

121

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This review elaborates the development of germfree and gnotobiotic animal models and their application in the scientific field to unravel mechanisms underlying host–microbe interactions and distinct diseases. Strictly germfree animals are raised in isolators and not colonized by any organism at all. The germfree state is continuously maintained by birth, raising, housing and breeding under strict sterile conditions. However, isolator raised germfree mice are exposed to a stressful environment and exert an underdeveloped immune system. To circumvent these physiological disadvantages depletion of the bacterial microbiota in conventionally raised and housed mice by antibiotic treatment has become an alternative approach. While fungi and parasites are not affected by antibiosis, the bacterial microbiota in these “secondary abiotic mice” have been shown to be virtually eradicated. Recolonization of isolator raised germfree animals or secondary abiotic mice results in a gnotobiotic state. Both, germfree and gnotobiotic mice have been successfully used to investigate biological functions of the conventional microbiota in health and disease. Particularly for the development of novel clinical applications germfree mice are widely used tools, as summarized in this review further focusing on the modulation of bacterial microbiota in laboratory mice to better mimic conditions in the human host.

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Alterations in the Fecal Microbiota of Patients with HIV-1 Infection: An Observational Study in A Chinese Population

Cited by 162 publications

References 64 publications

Alterations in the gut microbiota of patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome

Alterations in the gut microbiota of patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome

The immune response to Prevotella bacteria in chronic inflammatory disease

Dissecting the interplay between intestinal microbiota and host immunity in health and disease: Lessons learned from germfree and gnotobiotic animal models

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