Alterations in the Helicoverpa armigera Midgut Digestive Physiology after Ingestion of Pigeon Pea Inducible Leucine Aminopeptidase

Abstract

Jasmonate inducible plant leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) is proposed to serve as direct defense in the insect midgut. However, exact functions of inducible plant LAPs in the insect midgut remain to be estimated. In the present investigation, we report the direct defensive role of pigeon pea inducible LAP in the midgut of Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and responses of midgut soluble aminopeptidases and serine proteinases upon LAP ingestion. Larval growth and survival was significantly reduced on the diets supplemented with pigeon pea LAP. Aminopeptidase activities in larvae remain unaltered in presence or absence of inducible LAP in the diet. On the contrary, serine proteinase activities were significantly decreased in the larvae reared on pigeon pea LAP containing diet as compared to larvae fed on diet without LAP. Our data suggest that pigeon pea inducible LAP is responsible for the degradation of midgut serine proteinases upon ingestion. Reduction in the aminopeptidase activity with LpNA in the H. armigera larvae was compensated with an induction of aminopeptidase activity with ApNA. Our findings could be helpful to further dissect the roles of plant inducible LAPs in the direct plant defense against herbivory.

Proteomic Profiling Analysis of Male Infertility inSpodoptera LituraLarvae Challenged with Azadirachtin and its Potential‐Regulated Pathways in the Following Stages

“…And NDUFA4 and COX7A, belonging to CYC oxidase (complex IV), could also be able to eliminate ROS by acting as oxygen acceptor to transfer electrons from CYC to O 2 forming H 2 O . Other defense mechanism of cell against apoptosis was the upregulation of ATPase, like ATP5G, to mediate mitochondrial cristae to protect cell from death, and the decreased activities following the consumption of glutathione metabolism‐related proteins (including one leucyl aminopeptidase and four GST) could decrease resistance against xenobiotic compounds and contribute to redox homeostasis . Based on the expression variations after treatment, we suggested that oxidative‐related proteins and glutathione metabolism‐related proteins were regulated to maintain balance of ROS, ATP, pH, and resistance to avoid the mitochondria dysfunction induced by azadirachtin.…”

Food Consumption, Developmental Time, and Protein Profile of the Digestive System of the Red Palm Weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Coleptera: Dryophthoridae) Larvae Reared on Three Different Diets

“…Besides its role in the digestive system, aminopeptidase serves as a direct defence in the insect midgut and is known to be a crucial enzyme in plant–insect interactions ( Lomate et al 2013 ). In turn, it keeps RPW staying healthy and protected from any hazardous material or substance as a consequence of their feeding habitat.…”

Interaction of plant defense compounds with the insect gut: new insights from genomic and molecular analyses

“…This group of co-regulated proteins includes proteinase inhibitors (PIs) that disrupt the action of digestive proteases and amino aciddegrading enzymes, including arginase (ARG2) and threonine deaminase (TD2; Figure 1) [50,51]. Leu amino peptidase (e.g., LAP-A) may also participate in this post-ingestive defense system [50,52,53], although a role for LAP-A in wound signaling has also been proposed [54].…”