Alterations of Serum Metabolites and Fecal Microbiota Involved in Ewe Follicular Cyst

Abstract

While the interactions of the gut microbiome and blood metabolome have been widely studied in polycystic ovary disease in women, follicular cysts of ewes have been scarcely investigated using these methods. In this study, the fecal microbiome and serum metabolome were used to compare between ewes diagnosed with ovarian cystic follicles and ewes with normal follicles, to investigate alterations of the fecal bacterial community composition and metabolic parameters in relation to follicular cystogenesis. Ewes from the same feeding and management system were diagnosed with a follicular cyst (n = 6) or confirmed to have normal follicles (n = 6) by using a B-mode ultrasound scanner. Blood serum and fresh fecal samples of all ewes were collected and analyzed. The α-diversity of fecal microbiome did not differ significantly between follicular cyst ewes and normal follicle ewes. Three genera (Bacteroides, Anaerosporobacter, and Angelakisella) were identified and their balance differentiated between follicular cyst and normal follicle ewes. Alterations of several serum metabolite concentrations, belonging to lipids and lipid-like molecules, organic acids and derivatives, organic oxygen compounds, benzenoids, phenylpropanoids and polyketides, and organoheterocyclic compounds, were associated with the presence of a follicular cyst. Correlation analysis between fecal bacterial communities and serum metabolites indicated a positive correlation between Anaerosporobacter and several fatty acids, and a negative correlation between Bacteroides and L-proline. These observations provide new insights for the complex interactions of the gut microbiota and the host serum lipid profiles, and support gut microbiota as a potential strategy to treat and prevent follicular cysts in sheep.

Seasonal variations in the composition and diversity of gut microbiota in white-lipped deer (Cervus albirostris)

“…The gut microbiota, which refers to all microorganisms present in the gastrointestinal tract ( Kim et al, 2020 ), has important roles in the digestion ( Rowland et al, 2018 ), metabolism ( Nicholson et al, 2012 ), immunity ( Round & Mazmanian, 2009 ; Thaiss et al, 2016 ), and entro-endocrine function ( Rastelli, Cani & Knauf, 2019 ) of the host. However, in a state of dysbiosis, the gut microbiota can cause many diseases, such as diarrhea ( Wang et al, 2018 ; Xi et al, 2021 ), follicular cysts ( Feng et al, 2021 ), and bacterial pneumonia ( Zhao et al, 2021 ). Thus, the gut microbiota can affect the health of the host either positively or negatively.…”

Zengye Decoction Attenuated Severe Acute Pancreatitis Complicated with Acute Kidney Injury by Modulating the Gut Microbiome and Serum Amino Acid Metabolome

“…According to the group, distinguished clusters were shaped in the PLS-DA plot, indicating that the metabolic phenotype was dramatically changed by SAP-AKI and ZYD ( Figure 3(b) ). Correspondingly, permutation test showed a good interpretability and predictability of this PLS-DA model (R2Y 0.878, P = 0.01; Q2 0.531, P =0.01) ( Figure 3(c) ) [ 43 ]. Thus, the subsequent analysis could be implemented.…”

“…Totally, 814 metabolites were identified from the 21 serum samples. Unsupervised method PCA presented the variation trend in the data and detected the potential outlier of serum samples [ 43 ]. The PCA scatter plot ( Figure 3(a) ) showed that the first principal component (PC1) covered 14.59% of the variation and separated the SAP-AKI status and healthy control group (except one outlier in the MG).…”

“…The second principal component (PC2) covered 12.68% of the variation and distinctly divided the MG and ZYD group. Furthermore, the supervised method PLS-DA was applied to characterize the global metabolic difference across groups [ 43 ]. According to the group, distinguished clusters were shaped in the PLS-DA plot, indicating that the metabolic phenotype was dramatically changed by SAP-AKI and ZYD ( Figure 3(b) ).…”

Exploring the Effects of Probiotic Treatment on Urinary and Serum Metabolic Profiles in Healthy Individuals

“…, food compounds) and some of them are exclusive of bacterial origin with a key role in host-microbiota cross-talk . These metabolic changes driven by bacteria have been documented at fecal, urine, and serum levels. ,− Dietary interventions are emerging as a strategy to reshaping and modulate not only the gut microbiota composition, but even their metabolomes, with concomitant positive effects on the hosts . Similarly, it is demonstrated that the administration of exogenous beneficial bacteria in a close pre-existent ecosystem generates metabolic mutualistic benefits for both the microbial community and the host. , …”