Altered apoptosis/autophagy and epigenetic modifications cause the impaired postimplantation octaploid embryonic development in mice

Wu, Baojiang; Zhao, Liang; Zhu, Chengcheng; Chen, Yang-Lin; Wei, Mengyi; Bao, Siqin; Sun, Shao‐Chen; Li, Xihe

doi:10.1080/15384101.2016.1252884

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 38 publications

(44 reference statements)

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“…Our study indicates that exposure to atrazine during oocyte maturation decreases the incidence of blastocysts and increases the number of apoptotic nuclei and expression of apoptosis-associated genes in porcine embryos. Although apoptosis is an in vivo or in vitro physiological process that occurs during preimplantation embryonic development [ 46 ], compared with early cleaving, there is a higher incidence of apoptosis during late cleavage, and therefore the less functional embryo shows reduced developmental capacity [ 47 ]. There is also evidence in the literature that the expression of genes related to apoptosis, such as Bcl-2 and Bax , is altered in embryonic culture [ 48 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxic effects of atrazine on porcine oocytes and possible mechanisms of action

et al. 2017

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Because atrazine is a widely used herbicide, its adverse effects on the reproductive system have been extensively researched. In this study, we investigated the effects of atrazine exposure on porcine oocyte maturation and the possible mechanisms. Our results showed that the rates of oocyte maturation significantly decreased after treatment with 200 μM atrazine in vitro. Atrazine treatment resulted in abnormal spindle morphology but did not affect actin distribution. Atrazine exposure not only triggered a DNA damage response but also decreased MPF levels in porcine oocytes. Our results also revealed that atrazine worsened porcine oocyte quality by causing excessive accumulation of superoxide radicals, increasing cathepsin B activity, and decreasing the GSH level and mitochondrial membrane potential. Furthermore, atrazine decreased developmental competence of porcine oocytes up to the blastocyst stage and changed some properties: cell numbers, apoptosis, and related gene expression levels. Collectively, our results indicate that porcine oocyte maturation is defective after atrazine treatment at least through disruption of spindle morphology, MPF activity, and mitochondrial function and via induction of DNA damage, which probably reduces developmental competence.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxic effects of atrazine on porcine oocytes and possible mechanisms of action

et al. 2017

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“…1B). Previous reports have indicated that octaploid embryos were absorbed and disappeared after implantation, leaving only empty decidua in mice (Wu et al, 2017). Wu and colleagues might have to failed to recover implanted octaploid embryos from the decidua by harvesting, because the polyploidized embryos were smaller than normal implanted embryos.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyper-polyploid embryos survive after implantation in mice

Imai

Iwamori

Kusakabe

et al. 2020

Zygote

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SummaryPolyploids generated by natural whole genome duplication have served as a dynamic force in vertebrate evolution. As evidence for evolution, polyploid organisms exist generally, however there have been no reports of polyploid organisms in mammals. In mice, polyploid embryos under normal culture conditions normally develop to the blastocyst stage. Nevertheless, most tetraploid embryos degenerate after implantation, indicating that whole genome duplication produces harmful effects on normal development in mice. Most previous research on polyploidy has mainly focused on tetraploid embryos. Analysis of various ploidy outcomes is important to comprehend the effects of polyploidization on embryo development. The purpose of this present study was to discover the extent of the polyploidization effect on implantation and development in post-implantation embryos. This paper describes for the first time an octaploid embryo implanted in mice despite hyper-polyploidization, and indicates that these mammalian embryos have the ability to implant, and even develop, despite the harmfulness of extreme whole genome duplication.

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“…Consistent with these results, our experiments also showed that the developmental ratio decreased significantly in the hexadecaploid embryos. The development of octaploid embryos is affected by an increase in apoptosis, autophagy, and epigenetic modification (Wu et al, 2017), which indicates that higher the ploidy level, more severe the damage to embryogenesis from these intracellular alterations in the early development of a hexadecaploid embryo, compared to diploid and lesser ploidy embryos.…”

Section: Establishment and Characterization Of Hyperpolyploid Embryos By Repeated Electrofusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If the number of cells in an embryo is artificially increased in the four-cell stage embryo, the ratio for the presence of the inner cell mass increases in tetraploid embryos (Wen et al, 2014). In mouse octaploid embryos, the number of cells with inner cell mass decreases significantly, and these cells also have more variety compared to that of diploid embryos in blastocysts (Wu et al, 2017). We have successfully established tetraploid embryonic stem cells (TESCs) from mouse tetraploid blastocysts; however, the efficiency of the establishment of TESCs (15%; Table 2) was quite low compared to that of ESCs (88 %; Table 2) (Imai et al, 2015).…”

Section: Absence Of Inner Cell Mass In the Hexadecaploid Embryomentioning

confidence: 99%

Aggregation recovers developmental plasticity in mouse polyploid embryos

Imai

Fujii

Kusakabe

et al. 2019

Reprod. Fertil. Dev.

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Tetraploid embryos normally develop into blastocysts and embryonic stem cells can be established from tetraploid blastocysts in mice. Thus, polyploidisation does not seem to be so harmful during preimplantation development. However, the mechanisms by which early mammalian development accepts polyploidisation are poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the effect of polyploidisation on early mammalian development and to further comprehend its tolerance using hyperpolyploid embryos produced by repetitive whole genome duplication. We successfully established several types of polyploid embryos (tetraploid, octaploid and hexadecaploid) and studied their developmental potential in vitro. We demonstrated that all types of these polyploid embryos maintained the ability to develop to the blastocyst stage, which implies that mammalian cells might have basic cellular functions in implanted embryos, despite polyploidisation. However, the inner cell mass was absent in hexadecaploid blastocysts. To complement the total number of cells in blastocysts, a fused hexadecaploid embryo was produced by aggregating several hexadecaploid embryos. The results indicated that the fused hexadecaploid embryo finally recovered pluripotent cells in the blastocyst. Thus, our findings suggest that early mammalian embryos may have the tolerance and higher plasticity to adapt to hyperpolyploidisation for blastocyst formation, despite intense alteration of the genome volume.

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Altered apoptosis/autophagy and epigenetic modifications cause the impaired postimplantation octaploid embryonic development in mice

Cited by 13 publications

References 38 publications

Toxic effects of atrazine on porcine oocytes and possible mechanisms of action

Toxic effects of atrazine on porcine oocytes and possible mechanisms of action

Hyper-polyploid embryos survive after implantation in mice

Aggregation recovers developmental plasticity in mouse polyploid embryos

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