Altered biochemical markers of bone turnover in humans during 120 days of bed rest

Inoue, Masato; Tanaka, Hiroyuki; Moriwake, Toshio; Oka, Masanori; Sekiguchi, Chiharu; Seino, Yoshiki

doi:10.1016/s8756-3282(99)00282-3

Cited by 88 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…In contrast, other hibernators, such as ground squirrels, interrupt torpor bouts with periodic arousals to euthermia, during which they excrete calcium-containing waste (Hock, 1957;Bruce and Wiebers, 1970;Lesser et al, 1970;Pengelley et al, 1971). This provides a potential avenue for calcium and other products of bone catabolism to be excreted from the body, as occurs during other disuse situations such as human bedrest (LeBlanc et al, 1995;Inoue et al, 2000). Thus, hibernating ground squirrels may not have a biological need to maintain balanced bone turnover to prevent hypercalcemia, and it was not known whether they possess the ability to prevent bone loss during disuse associated with hibernation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thirteen-lined ground squirrels (Ictidomys tridecemlineatus) show microstructural bone loss during hibernation but preserve bone macrostructural geometry and strength

McGee‐Lawrence

Stoll

Mantila

et al. 2011

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARYLack of activity causes bone loss In most animals. Hibernating bears have physiological processes to prevent cortical and trabecular bone loss associated with reduced physical activity, but different mechanisms of torpor among hibernating species may lead to differences in skeletal responses to hibernation. There are conflicting reports regarding whether small mammals experience bone loss during hibernation. To investigate this phenomenon, we measured cortical and trabecular bone properties in physically active and hibernating juvenile and adult 13-lined ground squirrels (Ictidomys tridecemlineatus, previous genus name Spermophilus). Cortical bone geometry, strength and mineral content were similar in hibernating compared with active squirrels, suggesting that hibernation did not cause macrostructural cortical bone loss. Osteocyte lacunar size increased (linear regression, P0.001) over the course of hibernation in juvenile squirrels, which may indicate an osteocytic role in mineral homeostasis during hibernation. Osteocyte lacunar density and porosity were greater (+44 and +59%, respectively; P<0.0001) in hibernating compared with active squirrels, which may reflect a decrease in osteoblastic activity (per cell) during hibernation. Trabecular bone volume fraction in the proximal tibia was decreased (-20%; P0.028) in hibernating compared with physically active adult squirrels, but was not different between hibernating and active juvenile squirrels. Taken together, these data suggest that 13-lined ground squirrels may be unable to prevent microstructural losses of cortical and trabecular bone during hibernation, but importantly may possess a biological mechanism to preserve cortical bone macrostructure and strength during hibernation, thus preventing an increased risk of bone fracture during remobilization in the spring.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thirteen-lined ground squirrels (Ictidomys tridecemlineatus) show microstructural bone loss during hibernation but preserve bone macrostructural geometry and strength

McGee‐Lawrence

Stoll

Mantila

et al. 2011

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…Exercise will increase bone formation markers acutely to a slight degree but has a variable effect on bone resorption markers (55). Conversely, immobilization significantly increases bone resorption (56). Systemic glucocorticoid medications initially raise but subsequently depress markers of bone formation (57).…”

Section: Changes In Bone Marker Levels Over the Lifespanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Successes Achieved and Challenges Ahead in Translating Biomarkers into Clinical Applications

Tesch

Amur

Schousboe

et al. 2010

AAPS J

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Abstract. Biomarkers are important tools for identifying and stratifying diseases, predicting their progression and determining the effectiveness, safety, and doses of therapeutic interventions. This is important for common chronic diseases such as diabetic nephropathy, osteoporosis, and rheumatoid arthritis which affect large numbers of patients worldwide. This article summarizes the current knowledge of established and novel biomarkers for each of these diseases as presented at the 2008 AAPS/ACCP joint symposium "Success Achieved and Challenges Ahead in Translating Biomarkers into Clinical Applications," in Atlanta, Georgia. The advantages and disadvantages of various proteomic, metabolomic, genomic, and imaging biomarkers are discussed in relation to disease diagnosis and stratification, prognosis, drug development, and potential clinical applications. The use of biomarkers as a means to determine therapeutic interventions is also considered. In addition, we show that biomarkers may be useful for adapting therapies for individual needs by allowing the selection of patients who are most likely to respond or react adversely to a particular treatment. They may also be used to determine whether the development of a novel therapy is worth pursuing by informing crucial go/no go decisions around safety and efficacy. Indeed, regulatory bodies now suggest that effective integration of biomarkers into clinical drug development programs is likely to promote the development of novel therapeutics and more personalized medicine.

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“…Biochemical markers of bone turnover have been used to evaluate bone metabolism (27)(28)(29) since they respond to treatment more rapidly than bone density (30)(31)(32). Significant differences can be noted within 3-6 months of treatment (33).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of treadmill gait on bone markers and bone mineral density of quadriplegic subjects

Carvalho

Garlipp

Bottini

et al. 2006

Braz J Med Biol Res

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Quadriplegic subjects present extensive muscle mass paralysis which is responsible for the dramatic decrease in bone mass, increasing the risk of bone fractures. There has been much effort to find an efficient treatment to prevent or reverse this significant bone loss. We used 21 male subjects, mean age 31.95 ± 8.01 years, with chronic quadriplegia, between C4 and C8, to evaluate the effect of treadmill gait training using neuromuscular electrical stimulation, with 30-50% weight relief, on bone mass, comparing individual dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry responses and biochemical markers of bone metabolism. Subjects were divided into gait (N = 11) and control (N = 10) groups. The gait group underwent gait training for 6 months, twice a week, for 20 min, while the control group did not perform gait. Bone mineral density (BMD) of lumbar spine, femoral neck, trochanteric area, and total femur, and biochemical markers (osteocalcin, bone alkaline phosphatase, pyridinoline, and deoxypyridinoline) were measured at the beginning of the study and 6 months later. In the gait group, 81.8% of the subjects presented a significant increase in bone formation and 66.7% also presented a significant decrease of bone resorption markers, whereas 30% of the controls did not present any change in markers and 20% presented an increase in bone formation. Marker results did not always agree with BMD data. Indeed, many individuals with increased bone formation presented a decrease in BMD. Most individuals in the gait group presented an increase in bone formation markers and a decrease in bone resorption markers, suggesting that gait training, even with 30-50% body weight support, was efficient in improving the bone mass of chronic quadriplegics. Correspondence

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Altered biochemical markers of bone turnover in humans during 120 days of bed rest

Cited by 88 publications

References 24 publications

Thirteen-lined ground squirrels (Ictidomys tridecemlineatus) show microstructural bone loss during hibernation but preserve bone macrostructural geometry and strength

Thirteen-lined ground squirrels (Ictidomys tridecemlineatus) show microstructural bone loss during hibernation but preserve bone macrostructural geometry and strength

Successes Achieved and Challenges Ahead in Translating Biomarkers into Clinical Applications

Effect of treadmill gait on bone markers and bone mineral density of quadriplegic subjects

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