Altered branching patterns of Purkinje cells in mouse model for cortical development disorder

Kim, Jin‐Kyung; Kwon, Namseop; Chang, Suho; Kim, Kyong‐Tai; Lee, Dong-Myeong; Kim, Seunghwan; Yun, So Jeong; Hwang, Daehee; Kim, Jee Woong; Hwu, Y.; Margaritondo, G.; Je, Jung Ho; Rhyu, Im Joo

doi:10.1038/srep00122

Cited by 36 publications

(30 citation statements)

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“…Phase contrast based on strongly collimated synchrotron X-rays161718 produces images of excellent quality due to strong edge enhancement between different regions19. Furthermore high-penetration power of synchrotron X-rays allows us to analyze thick specimens with high resolution, as required here20.…”

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confidence: 99%

Defective folliculogenesis in female mice lacking Vaccinia-related kinase 1

Kim

Choi

Chang

et al. 2012

Sci Rep

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The Vaccinia-related kinase 1(VRK1), which is generally implicated in modulating cell cycle, plays important roles in mammalian gametogenesis. Female infertility in VRK1-deficient mice was reported to be caused by defective meiotic progression in oocyte at postovulatory stage. VRK1 roles in folliculogenesis, however, remain largely unknown. Here, accurate quantification of folliculogenesis is performed by a direct visualization of ‘intact’ ovary in 3-dimensions (3-D) using a synchrotron X-ray microtomography. In VRK1-deficient ovaries, the numbers of pre-antral and antral follicles are significantly reduced by 38% and 46%, respectively, comparing to control. The oocytes volumes in antral and Graffian follicles also decrease by 42% and 37% in the mutants, respectively, indicating defects in oocyte quality at preovulatory stage. Genetic analysis shows that gene expressions related to folliculogenesis are down-regulated in VRK1-deficient ovaries, implying defects in folliculogenesis. We suggest that VRK1 is required for both follicle development and oocyte growth in mammalian female reproduction system.

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confidence: 99%

Defective folliculogenesis in female mice lacking Vaccinia-related kinase 1

Kim

Choi

Chang

et al. 2012

Sci Rep

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“…Phase contrast based on strongly collimated synchrotron hard X-rays3233 produces images of excellent quality due to strong edge enhancement between different regions3435. Furthermore thick specimens can be examined with high resolution as required here, thanks to high-penetration power of hard X-rays3637.…”

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confidence: 99%

Growth patterns for acervuli in human pineal gland

Kim

Chang

et al. 2012

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Acervuli are calcified concretions in the pineal gland (PG). Particularly interesting are their incidence and size, which are believed to affect neurological disorders and many physiological functions of PG such as regulating circadian rhythm. Despite long investigations for a century, detailed growth mechanism of acervuli has yet to be studied. Here we study the growth morphology of acervuli in human PGs by a direct visualization in 3-dimension (3-D) using a synchrotron X-ray imaging method. For an entire PG, non-aggregated acervuli show Gaussian distribution in size with 47±28 µm. The 3-D volume rendered images of acervuli reveal that the bumpy surfaces developed by lamination result in the mulberry-like structure. In addition, coalescence of multiple acervuli leads to large-scale lamination on the whole aggregate. We suggest a novel hypothesis on the growth patterns of acervuli by their nucleation density (Nd): i) mulberry-like structure at low Nd, and ii) large-scale lamination on an aggregate at high Nd.

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“…2C) also retained mouse morphometric traits, with an average soma area of 225.41 μm 2 (±66.46; n = 198) and dendritic span of 60.88 μm (±26.42; n = 213). Means and medians of areas and dendritic span of grafted mouse PCs were significantly different (P < 0.0001, unpaired t test and Mann-Whitney test) from those of the rat hosts, whereas the dimensions of grafted mouse PCs were similar to those reported for PCs in B6 mice, one of the parental strains of our mice (16). To investigate if the different dimensions reflected species-specific features or were induced by xenotransplantation, we grafted mouse and rat cerebellar precursors into conspecific embryos in utero.…”

Section: Grafted Cells Developed Into Cerebellar Neurons and Integratmentioning

confidence: 50%

Lifespan of neurons is uncoupled from organismal lifespan

Magrassi

Leto

Rossi

2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Neurons in mammals do not undergo replicative aging, and, in absence of pathologic conditions, their lifespan is limited only by the maximum lifespan of the organism. Whether neuronal lifespan is determined by the strain-specific lifetime or can be extended beyond this limit is unknown. Here, we transplanted embryonic mouse cerebellar precursors into the developing brain of the longer-living Wistar rats. The donor cells integrated into the rat cerebellum developing into mature neurons while retaining mouse-specific morphometric traits. In their new environment, the grafted mouse neurons did not die at or before the maximum lifespan of their strain of origin but survived as long as 36 mo, doubling the average lifespan of the donor mice. Thus, the lifespan of neurons is not limited by the maximum lifespan of the donor organism, but continues when transplanted in a longerliving host.Purkinje cells | dendrites M edian and maximum lifespan are characteristic of a species. However, whether cellular aging is the major determinant of organismal aging is still debated (1, 2). Replicative aging of continuously dividing cells is well characterized in vitro and in vivo (3). On the contrary, aging of terminally differentiated cells is less characterized and often equated with chronological aging (3). The latter is thought to include all age-related changes in a cell as a result of the stochastic accumulation of structural damage and their functional consequences. Most postmitotic neurons in the mammalian CNS survive aging (4), but specific differences in the lifespan of distinct neuronal populations have been described. Purkinje cells (PCs), the only output neuron of the cerebellar cortex, even in the absence of pathologic conditions, are progressively lost with aging in humans and mice (5, 6).It is not known if a maximum lifespan exists for any postmitotic cells of mammals, including neurons. To address this issue, we exploited the differences in maximum lifespan of different strains of mice and rats. Although the two species have similar aging rates, and, in captivity, under optimal conditions, maximum lifespan of single outbreed individuals may reach 4 y (7), diverse strains of mice and rats differ significantly in their maximum lifespan, and these differences are genetically transmissible (8, 9). In utero, into the developing CNS of embryonic day (E) 15 embryos of Wistar rats, we transplanted cerebellar neuroglial precursors obtained from E12 mice embryos of mixed B6;129Sv background expressing EGFP in all cells (10). After birth of the transplanted rat embryos, we studied if the engrafted mouse cells survived for the entire life of the rat host. ResultsAn outline of the experiment is presented in Fig. 1.Recipient Rats Survived as Long as Two Times the Average Survival of Donor Mice. With the exception of animals electively perfused within 18 mo of life, the remaining graft recipient rats (n = 59; 86%) were let survive until moribund and unlikely to outlive longer than 48 h. Maximum survival of live-born recipient rats w...

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Altered branching patterns of Purkinje cells in mouse model for cortical development disorder

Cited by 36 publications

References 50 publications

Defective folliculogenesis in female mice lacking Vaccinia-related kinase 1

Defective folliculogenesis in female mice lacking Vaccinia-related kinase 1

Growth patterns for acervuli in human pineal gland

Lifespan of neurons is uncoupled from organismal lifespan

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