Altered colonic mucosal availability of n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids in ulcerative colitis and the relationship to disease activity

Pearl, Daniel S.; Masoodi, Mojgan; Eiden, Michael; Brümmer, Janine; Gullick, Darren R.; McKeever, Tricia M.; Whittaker, Mark; Nitch-Smith, Harriet; Brown, James F.; Shute, Janis K.; Mills, Graham A.; Calder, Philip C.; Trebble, T M

doi:10.1016/j.crohns.2013.03.013

Cited by 63 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Various effects of PUFA, either n-3 or n-6 PUFA have been investigated [4, 18]. Undurti et al [10] studied the effect of fish oil with a high content of n-3 PUFA on mouse gut microbiota, and found that the fish oil treatment could change the gut microbiota.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary intake of n-3 PUFAs modifies the absorption, distribution and bioavailability of fatty acids in the mouse gastrointestinal tract

Yang

Wang

et al. 2017

Lipids Health Dis

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BackgroundDietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), especially n-3 PUFAs, are important for human health. The intestinal tract, a location that is heavily colonized by microorganisms, is the main organ for absorbing fatty acids.MethodsThe purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of dietary n-3 and n-6 PUFAs on the distribution of different types of fatty acids and their bioavailability along the gut. Mice were fed for a week with experimental diets containing high n-3 or high n-6 fatty acid levels. Blood was collected at different time points, and after 7 days the mice were euthanized and their digestive tract was divided into 17 segments for fatty acids analyses.ResultsWe found that supplementing n-3 fatty acids significantly changed the ratio of n-6/n-3 PUFAs, increased the bioavailability of n-3 PUFAs, and altered fatty acid distribution. In addition, in the n-3 diet group, the absorption of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) along the gut was found to be inhibited, which was confirmed by feeding the mice with a diet containing deuterium-labeled palmitic acid and stearic acid.ConclusionThese results show that a diet rich in n-3 PUFAs can significantly modify the distribution and bioavailability of fatty acids, and particularly, may block the absorption of SFAs in the mouse gastrointestinal (GI) tract.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12944-016-0399-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary intake of n-3 PUFAs modifies the absorption, distribution and bioavailability of fatty acids in the mouse gastrointestinal tract

Yang

Wang

et al. 2017

Lipids Health Dis

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“…ALA interferes with the arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism and inhibits the prostaglandin biosynthesis pathway, thereby reducing the concentration of pro-inflammatory oxylipins [2]. In addition to its effects on the formation of anti-inflammatory mediators [3,4] and its anti-hypertensive action [5][6][7], there is increasing evidence that ALA plays a role in ameliorating intestinal inflammatory disease phenotypes [8][9][10][11]. Furthermore, ALA-rich diets were reported to protect from the development of colon carcinomas [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

α-Linolenic Acid-Rich Diet Influences Microbiota Composition and Villus Morphology of the Mouse Small Intestine

et al. 2020

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α-Linolenic acid (ALA) is well-known for its anti-inflammatory activity. In contrast, the influence of an ALA-rich diet on intestinal microbiota composition and its impact on small intestine morphology are not fully understood. In the current study, we kept adult C57BL/6J mice for 4 weeks on an ALA-rich or control diet. Characterization of the microbial composition of the small intestine revealed that the ALA diet was associated with an enrichment in Prevotella and Parabacteroides. In contrast, taxa belonging to the Firmicutes phylum, including Lactobacillus, Clostridium cluster XIVa, Lachnospiraceae and Streptococcus, had significantly lower abundance compared to control diet. Metagenome prediction indicated an enrichment in functional pathways such as bacterial secretion system in the ALA group, whereas the two-component system and ALA metabolism pathways were downregulated. We also observed increased levels of ALA and its metabolites eicosapentanoic and docosahexanoic acid, but reduced levels of arachidonic acid in the intestinal tissue of ALA-fed mice. Furthermore, intestinal morphology in the ALA group was characterized by elongated villus structures with increased counts of epithelial cells and reduced epithelial proliferation rate. Interestingly, the ALA diet reduced relative goblet and Paneth cell counts. Of note, high-fat Western-type diet feeding resulted in a comparable adaptation of the small intestine. Collectively, our study demonstrates the impact of ALA on the gut microbiome and reveals the nutritional regulation of gut morphology.

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“…It is clear from this analysis that fatty acid intake pre-illness influences the development of IBD, however, the mechanism is not yet understood. Biopsy samples from 69 UC patients and 69 controls showed that inflamed mucosa had higher AA, DPA and DHA levels and lower EPA AA:EPA ratio [92]. There were significant correlations between severity of inflammation and contents of AA, DPA and DHA (positive correlations) and of linoleic acid (LA), α-LNA and EPA (negative correlations).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunomodulation by dietary long chain omega-3 fatty acids and the potential for adverse health outcomes

Fenton

Hord

Ghosh

et al. 2013

Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids

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Recommendations to consume fish for cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention and its generally recognized as safe (GRAS) status have had the unanticipated consequence of encouraging long-chain omega-3 (ω-3) fatty acid [(eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)] supplementation and fortification practices. While there is evidence supporting a protective role for EPA/DHA supplementation for reducing sudden cardiac events, the safety and efficacy of supplementation with LCω-3PUFA in the context of other disease outcomes is unclear. Recent studies of bacterial, viral, and fungal infections in animal models of infectious disease demonstrate that LCω-3PUFA intake dampens immunity and alters pathogen clearance and result in reduced survival. The same physiological properties of EPA/DHA that are responsible for the amelioration of inflammation associated with chronic cardiovascular pathology or autoimmune states, may impair pathogen clearance during acute infections by decreasing host resistance or interfere with tumor surveillance resulting in adverse health outcomes. Recent observations that high serum LCω-3PUFA levels are associated with higher risk of prostate cancer and atrial fibrillation have heightened the concern for adverse outcomes. Given the widespread use of supplements and fortification of common food items with LCω-3PUFA, this review focuses on the immunomodulatory effects of the dietary LCω-3PUFAs, EPA and DHA, the mechanistic basis for potential negative health outcomes, and calls for biomarker development and validation as rational first steps for setting recommended dietary intake levels.

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Altered colonic mucosal availability of n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids in ulcerative colitis and the relationship to disease activity

Cited by 63 publications

References 34 publications

Dietary intake of n-3 PUFAs modifies the absorption, distribution and bioavailability of fatty acids in the mouse gastrointestinal tract

Dietary intake of n-3 PUFAs modifies the absorption, distribution and bioavailability of fatty acids in the mouse gastrointestinal tract

α-Linolenic Acid-Rich Diet Influences Microbiota Composition and Villus Morphology of the Mouse Small Intestine

Immunomodulation by dietary long chain omega-3 fatty acids and the potential for adverse health outcomes

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