Altered dietary salt intake for people with chronic kidney disease

McMahon, Emma; Campbell, Katrina L.; Bauer, Judy; Mudge, David W.

doi:10.1002/14651858.cd010070.pub2

Cited by 130 publications

(124 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Only few studies have described the impact of lifestyle improvements on kidney outcomes. Some evidence exists on the positive effect of salt reduction on both hypertension and proteinuria in people with CKD [30] and of smoking cessation on kidney function [31]. However, within these studies the outcomes were limited to proteinuria and kidney function instead of hard renal outcomes such as end stage renal disease [11].…”

Section: Implementation Of Lifestyle Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

International differences in chronic kidney disease prevalence: a key public health and epidemiologic research issue

Stel

Brück

Fraser

et al. 2017

Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation

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In this narrative review we studied the association of risk factors for CKD and CKD prevalence at an ecological level and describe potential reasons for international differences in estimated CKD prevalence across European countries. We found substantial variation in risk factors for CKD such as in the prevalence of diabetes mellitus, obesity, raised blood pressure, physical inactivity, and current smoking, and in salt intake per day. In general, the countries with a higher CKD prevalence also had a higher average score on CKD risk factors, and vice versa. There was no association between cardiovascular mortality rates and CKD prevalence. In countries with a high CKD prevalence the prevention of non-communicable diseases may be considered important and therefore all five national response systems (e.g. an operational national policy, strategy or action plan to reduce physical inactivity and/or promote physical activity) have been implemented. Furthermore, both the heterogeneity in study methods to assess CKD prevalence as well as the international differences in the implementation of lifestyle measures will contribute to the observed variation in CKD prevalence. A robust public health approach to reduce risk factors in order to prevent CKD and reduce CKD progression risk is needed and will have co-benefits for other noncommunicable diseases.

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Section: Implementation Of Lifestyle Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

International differences in chronic kidney disease prevalence: a key public health and epidemiologic research issue

Stel

Brück

Fraser

et al. 2017

Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…48,49 In CKD, this reduction in BP was accompanied by a reduction in proteinuria. 50 As such, reduced salt diets are recommended in children with HTN and CKD. 50 Obesity and metabolic syndrome: risk factors for CKD in the pediatric population Obesity in children continues to be on the rise, with a predicted increase of 40% in the next decade.…”

Section: Salt Intake Htn and Ckdmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…50 As such, reduced salt diets are recommended in children with HTN and CKD. 50 Obesity and metabolic syndrome: risk factors for CKD in the pediatric population Obesity in children continues to be on the rise, with a predicted increase of 40% in the next decade. 51 The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data showed that …”

Section: Salt Intake Htn and Ckdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypertension in pediatric patients with chronic kidney disease: management challenges

Gallibois¹,

Jawa²,

Noone³

2017

IJNRD

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Abstract:In contrast to adults where hypertension is a leading cause of chronic kidney disease, in pediatrics, hypertension is predominantly a sequela, however, an important one that, like in adults, is likely associated with a more rapid decline in kidney function or progression of chronic kidney disease to end stage. There is a significant issue with unrecognized, or masked, hypertension in childhood chronic kidney disease. Recent evidence and, therefore, guidelines now suggest targeting a blood pressure of <50th percentile for age, sex, and height in children with proteinuria and chronic kidney disease. This often cannot be achieved by monotherapy and additional agents need to be added. Blockade of the renin angiotensin aldosterone system represents the mainstay of therapy, although often limited by the side effect of hyperkalemia. The addition of a diuretic, at least in the earlier stages of chronic kidney disease, might help mitigate this problem.

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“…In 2015, McMahon et al [44] performed a systematic review including the results of 8 randomized controlled trials, with a total of 258 patients included, the average study duration being 6 weeks (summarized in Table 1). Five were performed in CKD patients with heterogeneous intervention methods, and most mostly including patients in early stages of CKD.…”

Section: Impact Of Sodium Intake Lowering and CV And Kidney Disease Riskmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Five were performed in CKD patients with heterogeneous intervention methods, and most mostly including patients in early stages of CKD. Interestingly, reducing sodium intake was consistently associated with a decrease in BP by 8/3 mm Hg mirrored by a drop in proteinuria ranging from 20 to 50% [44]. …”

Section: Impact Of Sodium Intake Lowering and CV And Kidney Disease Riskmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sodium Intake and Blood Pressure in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Salty Relationship

Nerbass¹,

Calice‐Silva²,

Pécoits-Filho³

2018

Blood Purif

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Background: Hypertension affects almost all chronic kidney disease patients and is related to poor outcomes. Sodium intake is closely related to blood pressure (BP) levels in this population and decreasing its intake consistently improves the BP control particularly in short-term controlled trials. However, most patients struggle in following a controlled diet on sodium according to the guidelines recommendation due to several factors and barriers discussed in this article. Summary: This review article summarizes the current knowledge related to the associations between sodium consumption, BP, and the risk of cardiovascular disease and chronic kidney disease (CKD); it also provides recommendations of how to achieve sodium intake lowering. Key Messages: Evidences support the benefits in decreasing sodium intake on markers of cardiovascular and renal outcomes in CKD. Trials had shorter follow-up and to maintain long-term sodium intake control is a major challenge. Larger studies with longer follow-up looking at hard endpoints will be important to drive future recommendations.

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Altered dietary salt intake for people with chronic kidney disease

Cited by 130 publications

References 61 publications

International differences in chronic kidney disease prevalence: a key public health and epidemiologic research issue

International differences in chronic kidney disease prevalence: a key public health and epidemiologic research issue

Hypertension in pediatric patients with chronic kidney disease: management challenges

Sodium Intake and Blood Pressure in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Salty Relationship

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