Altered energy flow pathways in a lake ecosystem following manipulation of fish community structure

Syväranta, Jari; Högmander, Pia; Keskinen, Tapio; Jones, Roger

doi:10.1007/s00027-010-0161-8

Cited by 22 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Since diet mixing models are especially sensitive to different enrichment factors, we also ran the same models using fractionation factors derived from a review involving several different systems [35], as well as those from two recent studies on pelagic marine ecosystems [36] and lake ecosystems [37]. Using these values, the patterns were similar and we only show the analyses based on enrichment factors calculated following Caut et al [34].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seabird Guano Fertilizes Baltic Sea Littoral Food Webs

et al. 2013

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Nutrient enrichment in coastal marine systems can have profound impacts on trophic networks. In the Baltic Sea, the population of Great Cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis) has increased nearly exponentially since the mid-1990s, and colonies of these seabirds can be important sources of nitrogen enrichment for nearby benthic communities due to guano runoff. In this study we used stable isotope analyses and diet mixing models to determine the extent of nitrogen enrichment from cormorant colonies, as well as to examine any possible changes in herbivore diet preferences due to enrichment. We found significantly higher levels of δ15N in samples from colony islands than control islands for producers (the dominant macroalga Fucus vesiculosus, filamentous algae, and periphyton) and herbivores, as well as a positive correlation between enrichment and nest density in colony sites. We also found that enrichment increased over the breeding season of the cormorants, with higher enrichment in late summer than early summer. While the amount of total nitrogen did not differ between colony and control sites, the amount of guano-based nitrogen in algae was >50% in most sites, indicating high nitrogen enrichment from colonies. Herbivores (the isopod Idotea balthica and the gastropod Theodoxus fluviatilis) preferred feeding upon the dominant macroalga Fucus vesiculosus rather than on filamentous algae or periphyton in both control and colony, and there was a significant increase in periphyton consumption near colony sites. Overall, guano from cormorant colonies seems to have effects on both producers and herbivores, as well as the potential to modify algae-herbivore interactions.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seabird Guano Fertilizes Baltic Sea Littoral Food Webs

et al. 2013

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“…A strong contribution of phytoplankton and terrestrial material to aggregate zooplankton samples and individual taxa is consistent with the literature (Grey et al., ; Weidel et al., ). Contribution of periphyton is more highly variable and dependent on taxa because although it is often low (Syväranta et al., ; Weidel et al., ), it can be high for some taxa in unique cases where resources are limited (Cazzanelli, Forsström, Rautio, Michelsen, & Christoffersen, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Yellowstone Lake, Wyoming, introduced piscivorous lake trout caused the decline of native invertivorous Yellowstone cutthroat trout Onchorhynchus clarkii (Salmonidae), which increased zooplankton biomass and redirected the flow of organic matter (Tronstad, Hall, Koel, & Gerow, 2010). Other studies also have shown that invasive and introduced fish can cause substantial disruptions in the flow of organic matter in lakes that contain fish (Jackson et al, 2012;Lepak, Kraft, & Weldel, 2006;Syväranta, Högmander, Keskinen, Karjalainen, & Jones, 2011). The effects of introduced fish on invertebrate body size, biomass, and community composition in historically fishless lakes also are well documented.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influences of fish on food web structure and function in mountain lakes

Detmer

Lewis

2019

Freshwater Biology

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Introduction of new fish species to lakes that contain fish is known to disrupt food webs, but few studies have quantified the effects of introduced fish on flow of organic matter and mechanisms governing food web structure in historically fishless lakes. Contrasting flow of organic matter and food web structure in macroinvertebrate communities in lakes with and without fish provides an opportunity to characterise resiliency of macroinvertebrate food web function when there are changes in community composition and reductions in biomass. Organic matter flow and food web structure were characterised in six lakes with and six lakes without fish at high elevation in the southern Rocky Mountains of Colorado, U.S.A. Carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) were used to determine the proportionate contribution of organic matter from primary organic matter sources (periphyton, phytoplankton, terrestrial plants) to consumers including herbivores and higher trophic levels. Contributions of organic matter sources to macroinvertebrates were combined with estimates of littoral macroinvertebrate production in quantifying the contribution of each primary source to total invertebrate production. Although introduced fish altered community composition, body size, and biomass, they did not alter contributions of the organic matter sources to production of macroinvertebrates. The dominant resources contributing to macroinvertebrate production were periphyton and phytoplankton, which combined contributed to 80% of macroinvertebrate production. Despite occupying the highest trophic position (difference in δ15N relative to primary sources), fish did not alter trophic structure of littoral macroinvertebrate communities in maximum macroinvertebrate trophic position and community trophic position. Community trophic position weighted by production for macroinvertebrates was related to macroinvertebrate production per unit area but was independent of lake area. In lakes with fish, maximum macroinvertebrate trophic position was similar to that of lakes without fish because large predators (predaceous beetles and dragonflies) were replaced by small predators (tanypod chironomids). The present study indicates that macroinvertebrate food webs can exhibit resilience to introduced or invasive fish even when there are changes in community composition and biomass. This suggests that changes in structure (e.g. biomass, community composition) associated with introduced or invasive species do not necessarily equate to changes in food web function (e.g. flow of organic matter, maximum trophic position). Further, the present study suggests that although maximum trophic position has been shown to increase with lake size for lakes containing fish, the pattern is unlikely to extend to lakes without fish. The relationship between lake size and maximum trophic position for lakes containing fish may occur because fish have expandable niches associated with high motility and indeterminate growth, in contrast to macroinvertebrates.

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“…Fractionation factors (average ± SD) used for D. magna were 0.5 ± 0.2‰ for Δ 13 C and 3.0 ± 0.5‰ for Δ 15 N (Syväranta et al. ) because we assumed that the values showed no variation depending on the trophic position (Vanderklift and Ponsard ).…”

Section: Experimental Designsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of algal food quality on sexual reproduction of Daphnia magna

Choi

Kim

et al. 2016

Ecology and Evolution

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The objective of our study was to investigate sexual reproduction of Daphnia magna associated with mating behaviors and hatching rates, according to different algal food sources. Since a diatom is known to contain more abundant long‐chain poly unsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), we hypothesized that the diatom‐consuming D. magna would exhibit more successful reproduction rates. Upon the hypothesis, we designed three experiments using two algal species, a green alga (Chlorella vulgaris) and a diatom (Stephanodiscus hantzschii). From the results, we found that the mating frequency and copulation duration increased in the treatment with S. hantzschii, resulting in a significant increase of hatching rates of resting eggs. In the other two repetitive mating strategies (e.g., one female vs. multiple males, and one male vs. multiple females), we found that the hatching rates of resting eggs were greater in the S. hantzschii treatment. In addition to the mating strategy, male body size significantly increased in the diatom treatment, hence average diameter of penis was also statistically different among the treatments (greater diameter in the S. hantzschii treatment). To examine the effect of algal food quality, we estimated quantity of fatty acids in the two algal species. Our result showed that S. hantzschii had a higher proportion of long‐chain PUFAs than C. vulgaris. Furthermore, a stable isotope analysis revealed that carbon and nitrogen originated from S. hantzschii were more assimilated to D. magna. In summary, our study manifested that diatom consumption of D. magna leads to more successful sexual reproduction. We then discussed how the diatom consumption of zooplankton influences food web dynamics in a freshwater ecosystem.

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Altered energy flow pathways in a lake ecosystem following manipulation of fish community structure

Cited by 22 publications

References 44 publications

Seabird Guano Fertilizes Baltic Sea Littoral Food Webs

Seabird Guano Fertilizes Baltic Sea Littoral Food Webs

Influences of fish on food web structure and function in mountain lakes

Effects of algal food quality on sexual reproduction of Daphnia magna

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