Altered Gut Microbiota in Myasthenia Gravis

Qiu, Dongxu; Xia, Zhiwei; Xiao, Jiangjian; Deng, Jun; Zhang, Lei; Li, Jing

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2018.02627

Cited by 54 publications

(104 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Qiu et al. [ 171 ], observed a sharp decrease in microbial diversity and significantly low levels of short chain fatty acids in MG patients. The ratio of Firmicutes - Bacteroidetes was significantly lower in MG patients than in controls, thus leading to a pro-inflammatory environment that damaged the intestinal epithelium.…”

Section: Environmental Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying the culprits in neurological autoimmune diseases

Acosta-Ampudia

Monsalve

Ramírez-Santana

2019

Journal of Translational Autoimmunity

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The target organ of neurological autoimmune diseases (NADs) is the central or peripheral nervous system. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common NAD, whereas Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), myasthenia gravis (MG), and neuromyelitis optica (NMO) are less common NADs, but the incidence of these diseases has increased exponentially in the last few years. The identification of a specific culprit in NADs is challenging since a myriad of triggering factors interplay with each other to cause an autoimmune response. Among the factors that have been associated with NADs are genetic susceptibility, epigenetic mechanisms, and environmental factors such as infection, microbiota, vitamins, etc. This review focuses on the most studied culprits as well as the mechanisms used by these to trigger NADs.

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Section: Environmental Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying the culprits in neurological autoimmune diseases

Acosta-Ampudia

Monsalve

Ramírez-Santana

2019

Journal of Translational Autoimmunity

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“…Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disease caused by autoantibodies that target the neuromuscular junction (NMJ), leading to partial or systemic muscle weakness and abnormal fatigability (Gilhus et al, 2016). Based on the location of the affected muscles, patients with MG are classified as ocular (OMG) or generalized MG (GMG) (Qiu et al, 2018). Ocular myasthenia gravis (OMG) is distinguished by fatigable weakness of the extraocular muscles, eyelids, or both, leading to fatigable ptosis and diplopia (Vaphiades et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recent years, mounting evidences have shown that gut microbiota plays a crucial role in the onset of central [e.g., autism spectrum disorder ( Hsiao et al, 2013 ; Sharon et al, 2019 )] and peripheral [e.g., irritable bowel syndrome ( Duerkop et al, 2018 )] diseases. Meanwhile, previous studies have found that gut microbial disorders may attribute to the onset of MG patients through fecal metabolism ( Qiu et al, 2018 ; Zheng et al, 2019a ). For instance, previous studies have observed that patients with MG showed a decrease in α-phylogenetic diversity, and significantly altered gut microbiome and fecal metabolome.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Gut Microbiota and Fecal Metabolites Related With the Clinical Subtypes of Myasthenia Gravis

et al. 2020

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Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a devastating acquired autoimmune disease. Previous studies have observed that disturbances of gut microbiome may attribute to the development of MG through fecal metabolomic signatures in humans. However, whether there were differential gut microbial and fecal metabolomic phenotypes in different subtypes of MG remains unclear. Here, our objective was to explore whether the microbial and metabolic signatures of ocular (OMG) and generalized myasthenia gravis (GMG) were different, and further identify the shared and distinct markers for patients with OMG and GMG. In this study, 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequencing and gas chromatographymass spectrometry (GC/MS) were performed to capture the microbial and metabolic signatures of OMG and GMG, respectively. Random forest (RF) classifiers was used to identify the discriminative markers for OMG and GMG. Compared with healthy control (HC) group, GMG group, but not OMG group, showed a significant decrease in α-phylogenetic diversity. Both OMG and GMG groups, however, displayed significant gut microbial and metabolic disorders. Totally, we identified 20 OTUs and 9 metabolites specific to OMG group, and 23 OTUs and 7 metabolites specific to GMG group. Moreover, combinatorial biomarkers containing 15 discriminative OTUs and 2 differential metabolites were capable of discriminating OMG and GMG from each other, as well as from HCs, with AUC values ranging from 0.934 to 0.990. In conclusion, different subtypes of MG harbored differential gut microbiota, which generated discriminative fecal metabolism.

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“…The gut microbiome is part of a complex ecosystem. Gut microbiota have a mutualistic relationship with their host and play a crucial role in maintaining the host's health . It is now well documented that gut microbiota modulate adiposity via various mechanisms, such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced chronic inflammation, gut‐derived peptide secretion, and modulation of tissue fatty acid composition .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glucorticoid‐induced obesity individuals have distinct signatures of the gut microbiome

et al. 2019

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The human intestine and its resident microbiota are known to play an essential role in the pathogenesis of primary obesity. However, a little is known of the gut microbiota profiles in individuals with obesity induced by glucocorticoid (GC) therapy. Here, we recruited 28 people with GC‐induced obesity and 27 age‐ and gender‐matched healthy controls, whose feces have been collected separately, to delineate the gut microbial characteristics in GC‐induced obesity individuals. High‐throughput Illumina sequencing targeting the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene has been applied to analyze the structure of the intestinal microbiome. Gas chromatography was also used to measure levels of short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs), a subset of key gut microbial metabolites mainly produced by Bacteroidetes. We found dramatically decreased gut microbial diversity in individuals with GC‐induced obesity. In addition, the bacterial communities of the GC‐induced obesity group were enriched in Firmicutes (e.g., genus Streptococcus) and depleted in Bacteroidetes. Furthermore, SCFA content was decreased in GC‐induced obesity status. Overall, this study conducted a case–control study with 55 participants in which we analyzed gut microbiota to develop intestinal microbial profiles of patients undergoing long‐term treatment with GCs. Concomitantly, the level of SCFAs was also detected in those study participants.

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Altered Gut Microbiota in Myasthenia Gravis

Cited by 54 publications

References 61 publications

Identifying the culprits in neurological autoimmune diseases

Identifying the culprits in neurological autoimmune diseases

Differential Gut Microbiota and Fecal Metabolites Related With the Clinical Subtypes of Myasthenia Gravis

Glucorticoid‐induced obesity individuals have distinct signatures of the gut microbiome

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