Altered gut microbiota in Parkinson's disease patients with motor complications

The effects of microbiota abundance on symptom severity in Parkinson’s disease: A systematic review

“…Same has been shown with Clostridium cluster XIVa ( Heintz-Buschart et al, 2018 ). The relative abundance of the genus Blautia has been shown, on the other hand, to have a negative correlation with motor complications in PD patients ( Takahashi et al, 2022 ). Furthermore, genera from the Oscillospiraceae family have also shown a link to motor symptoms.…”

“…Regarding the Lactobacillales order, the relative abundances of the family Lactobaccilaceae as well as the genus Enterococcus from the Enterococcaceae family, have shown a positive correlation with UPDRS III scores ( Barichella et al, 2019 ). In a different study, the relative abundance of the genus Lactobacillus has shown a significant increase in patients with motor complications ( Takahashi et al, 2022 ). Furthermore, the relative abundance of the genus Turicibacter , a genus belonging to the Erysipelotrichia class, has shown a positive correlation with UPDRS III scores ( Cosma-Grigorov et al, 2020 ).…”

“…When it comes to motor symptoms, the relative abundance of gut microbiota taxa has been often shown to positively correlate with UPDRS III scores and H&Y scale. The exception to this was microbiota belonging to the order Bacillales ( Li et al, 2019 ), families Prevotellaceae ( Scheperjans et al, 2015 ; Aho et al, 2019 ), and Lachnospiraceae ( Barichella et al, 2019 ; Pietrucci et al, 2019 ), while on a genus level, this has been shown with genera Ruminococcus , Haemophilus ( Li et al, 2017 ), Prevotella ( Aho et al, 2019 ), Flavonifractor, Paraprevotella ( Baldini et al, 2020 ), Blautia ( Takahashi et al, 2022 ), Faecalibacterium ( Li et al, 2017 ; Weis et al, 2019 ) and Prevotella ( Aho et al, 2019 ), and species Pseudomonas_veronii ( Li et al, 2019 ). It can be thus hypothesized that the increase in relative abundance of various microbiota taxa could lead to more expressed motor symptoms in PD patients.…”

“…Another problem could arise in the varied methodology used for the analysis of microbiota composition ( Table 2 ). While most of the studies used the V3–V4 regions of 16S RNA for amplification and sequencing ( Qian et al, 2018 ; Aho et al, 2019 ; Barichella et al, 2019 ; Pietrucci et al, 2019 ; Baldini et al, 2020 ; Cosma-Grigorov et al, 2020 ; Ren et al, 2020 ; Takahashi et al, 2022 ) some of the studies used other regions such as V1–V3 regions ( Scheperjans et al, 2015 ; Mertsalmi et al, 2017 ), purely V4 regions of 16S RNA ( Heintz-Buschart et al, 2018 ; Li et al, 2019 ; Lin et al, 2019 ; Zhang et al, 2020 ), V3–V5 ( Li et al, 2017 ), V4–V5 regions ( Weis et al, 2019 ; Li et al, 2022 ). A study by Heintz-Buschart et al (2018) , besides using 16S RNA also used the 18S RNA.…”

The Interplay between Gut Microbiota and Parkinson’s Disease: Implications on Diagnosis and Treatment

“…To date, this condition is known to participate in the pathophysiology of several GI and extraintestinal disorders, such as intestinal bowel syndrome, diabetes, obesity, chronic fatigue syndrome, autoimmune diseases, and several neuropsychiatric and neurologic disorders, including neurodegeneration [ 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 ]. Concerning PD, dysbiosis followed by GI symptoms and gut discomfort far precedes the onset of motor dysfunctions and it is linked to neuroinflammation, as well as to alterations in dopamine, serotonin, and kynurenine metabolism through the gut-brain axis [ 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 ] ( Figure 1 ). Similar to what has been reported in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and aging [ 30 ], feces from PD patients are enriched in opportunistic pathogens and pro-inflammatory taxa at the expense of anti-inflammatory microbes and SCFAs-producing bacteria, especially butyrate [ 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 ].…”