Altered intestinal permeability in patients with relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis: A pilot study

Buscarinu, Maria Chiara; Cerasoli, Benedetta; Annibali, Viviana; Policano, Claudia; Lionetto, Luana; Capi, Matilde; Mechelli, Rosella; Romano, Silvia; Fornasiero, Arianna; Mattei, Gianluca; Piras, Eleonora; Angelini, Daniela F.; Battistini, Luca; Simmaco, Maurizio; Umeton, Renato; Salvetti, Marco; Ristori, Giovanni

doi:10.1177/1352458516652498

Cited by 116 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…For instance, Buscarinu et al . recently demonstrated that there is an increase in intestinal permeability along with a reduction in intestinal absorption in patients with the relapsing/remitting form of the condition . A separate clinical study identified an increase in circulating LBP in patients with relapsing/remitting multiple sclerosis, potentially indicating an increase in the translocation of Gram‐negative bacteria from the intestinal lumen to the circulation .…”

Section: Microbiota and Neurology: Aging And Neurodegenerationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent developments in understanding the role of the gut microbiota in brain health and disease

Sherwin

Dinan

Cryan

2017

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

273

164

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There is a growing appreciation of the role of the gut microbiota in all aspects of health and disease, including brain health. Indeed, roles for the bacterial commensals in various psychiatric and neurological conditions, such as depression, autism, stroke, Parkinson's disease, and Alzheimer's disease, are emerging. Microbiota dysregulation has been documented in all of these conditions or in animal models thereof. Moreover, depletion or modulation of the gut microbiota can affect the severity of the central pathology or behavioral deficits observed in a variety of brain disorders. However, the mechanisms underlying such effects are only slowly being unraveled. Additionally, recent preclinical and clinical evidence suggest that targeting the microbiota through prebiotic, probiotic, or dietary interventions may be an effective "psychobiotic" strategy for treating symptoms in mood, neurodevelopmental disorders, and neurodegenerative diseases.

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Section: Microbiota and Neurology: Aging And Neurodegenerationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent developments in understanding the role of the gut microbiota in brain health and disease

Sherwin

Dinan

Cryan

2017

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

273

164

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…46 Validated algorithms such as Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States (PICRUSt) 47 can be employed to enable metagenomic predictions from 16S rRNA sequencing data, allowing inferences to be made about the potential functional capacity of the microbiota in neurological conditions. 64 Differences in the Gut Microbiota between MS Cases and Healthy Controls Studies are emerging involving both adult and pediatric MS subjects (Supplementary Table). 50 The Microbiome and Neuroimmune Conditions MS Compelling evidence for the microbiome's role as either a trigger of neuroimmune disease or a driver of neuroimmune disease activity has largely emerged from animal models of MS (reviewed elsewhere 51,52 ).…”

Section: What Are They Doing? Functionality Of the Microbiotamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…62,63 An increased prevalence of "leaky gut" (measured via an oral lactulose/mannitol test) was also recently suggested in a pilot study of 22 relapsing-remitting MS cases compared to controls. 64…”

Section: Msmentioning

confidence: 99%

The gut microbiome in human neurological disease: A review

Tremlett

Bauer

Appel‐Cresswell

et al. 2017

Annals of Neurology

437

292

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Almost half the cells and 1% of the unique genes found in our bodies are human, the rest are from microbes, predominantly bacteria, archaea, fungi, and viruses. These microorganisms collectively form the human microbiota, with most colonizing the gut. Recent technological advances, open access data libraries, and application of high-throughput sequencing have allowed these microbes to be identified and their contribution to neurological health to be examined. Emerging evidence links perturbations in the gut microbiota to neurological disease, including disease risk, activity, and progression. This review provides an overview of the recent advances in microbiome research in relation to neuro(auto)immune and neurodegenerative conditions affecting humans, such as multiple sclerosis, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders, Parkinson disease, Alzheimer disease, Huntington disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Study design and terminology used in this rapidly evolving, highly multidisciplinary field are summarized to empower and engage the neurology community in this "newly discovered organ." Ann Neurol 2017;81:369-382.

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“…Observational studies have found increased intestinal permeability in MS, which might be an effect of the altered microbiome. 55 Levels of LPS in the circulation (a marker of intestinal permeability) are associated with increased serum IL-6 and IL-17 levels, and correlate with Expanded Disability Status Scale scores. 23 LPS can reduce BBB integrity by inducing expression of leukocyte adhesion molecules that bind to receptors upregulated in CNS inflammation, and can activate phagocytes in the parenchyma.…”

Section: Additional Host-microbiome Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gastrointestinal influences in multiple sclerosis: Focus on the role of the microbiome

Francis

Constantinescu

2018

Clinical & Exp Neuroim

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Despite extensive research, the etiology of multiple sclerosis remains unclear. Gene–environment interactions are believed to determine the risk of disease, but the necessary exposures have not been identified. Here, we review the evidence for the role of disturbances in the normal intestinal flora (the gut microbiome) in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. We present data from human and animal studies proposing that the intestinal immune system integrates bacterial signaling with systemic inflammatory and regulatory responses. Dysbiosis, which is observed more frequently in multiple sclerosis than in health, can skew the intestinal T‐cell repertoire towards an effector T‐cell response, which is subsequently amplified in different tissues. In patients with a genetically determined predisposition, this could lead to inflammation and demyelination in the central nervous system. Furthermore, bacterial products can directly affect the blood–brain barrier, neurons and microglia, and bacterial antigens that mimic neuro‐antigens can lead to activation and proliferation of autoreactive T cells.

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Altered intestinal permeability in patients with relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis: A pilot study

Cited by 116 publications

References 20 publications

Recent developments in understanding the role of the gut microbiota in brain health and disease

Recent developments in understanding the role of the gut microbiota in brain health and disease

The gut microbiome in human neurological disease: A review

Gastrointestinal influences in multiple sclerosis: Focus on the role of the microbiome

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