Altered Olfactory Acuity in the Morbidly Obese

Richardson, Brynn E.; Woude, Eric A. Vander; Sudan, Ranjan; Thompson, Jon S.; Leopold, Donald A.

doi:10.1381/0960892041719617

Cited by 116 publications

(98 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Differences point to distinct anatomical and pathophysiological processes in obesity and aging. Obese subjects display a significant correlation between elevated BMI and the presence of smell and taste dysfunction [54][55][56][57]. Visceral fat correlates with obesity and excreted adipokines [58] may alter the perception of odours [57,59].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distinct Effects of two Almond Cultivars on Agreeability and Gastrointestinal Motility in Healthy Subjects: more than mere Nutraceuticals

Diella

Ciaula

Lorusso

et al. 2018

JGLD

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Background: Almonds are healthy nutraceuticals, which vary across different cultivars. We compared the composition, agreeability and gastrointestinal effects of two almond cultivars from different areas.Methods: Californian Carmel (CAcv) and local Apulian Filippo Cea (FCcv) cultivars were compared for the chemical composition and sensory evaluation according to visual analogue and semiquantitative scales in 60 volunteers. Gallbladder/gastric motility (ultrasonography) and orocecal transit time (H2-breath test) were studied in another 24 subjects by comparing the effects of a standard liquid test meal with isovolumetric almond test meals (24 g of CAcv or FCcv almonds).Results: Proteins prevailed in CAcv, while FCcv contained more lipids and 10-times more total phenol content than CAcv. For agreeability, CAcv scored higher than FCcv for smell, texture and appearance, although different perceptions existed in lean (scores for smell, taste, texture, appearance higher for CAcv than FCcv), obese (CAcv better than FCcv only for appearance) and elderly subjects (CAcv better than FCcv only for texture). Gallbladder emptying was stronger with FCcv than CAcv. Antral dilatation after ingestion of both cultivars was greater than the dilatation observed after the test meal. Gastric emptying, however, was similar after FCcv, CAcv and the test meal. The orocecal transit time in response to both cultivars was shorter than after the test meal.Conclusions: Differences in composition and effects of FCcv and CAcv cultivars support their potential use as valuable nutraceutical tools, to be confirmed in further clinical studies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distinct Effects of two Almond Cultivars on Agreeability and Gastrointestinal Motility in Healthy Subjects: more than mere Nutraceuticals

Diella

Ciaula

Lorusso

et al. 2018

JGLD

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“…In both morbidly obese and anorexic patients, olfactory function was found to be impaired. 16,17 Thus, an impaired olfaction by chronic metabolic and/or psychological changes could prevent the modulation of olfaction by hunger and satiety. Clearly, the modulation of olfaction by insulin in healthy subjects is only part of the complexity of feeding behaviour.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute, short-term hyperinsulinemia increases olfactory threshold in healthy subjects

et al. 2010

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Objective: Smell plays an important role in feeding behavior. We therefore tested whether insulin as a postprandial signal is involved in the regulation of olfactory function. Research design and methods: We assessed olfactory thresholds in eight lean subjects (age: 34±7 years, M/F: 5/3) before and during a 2-h hyperinsulinemic (1 mU kg À1 min À1 ) euglycemic clamp and in eight lean fasted subjects (age: 36 ± 6 years, M/F: 5/3) without insulin infusion at the same time of the day. To define odor thresholds, standardized 'sniffing sticks' were used. Results: Odor thresholds decreased from 7.8 ± 1.2 to 6.2 ± 1.1 during euglycemic hyperinsulinemia (P ¼ 0.0173), representing an increase in odor threshold. In the control group, odor thresholds were 8.3±1.6 and did not change after 120 min of fasting (8.9 ± 2.2, P ¼ 0.6). Conclusions: Increased insulin levels lead to a reduced smelling capacity, potentially reducing the pleasantness of eating. Therefore, insulin action in the olfactory bulb may be involved in the process of satiation and may thus be of interest in the pathogenesis of obesity.

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“…It is associated with serious medical, psychological, economical and social implications, affecting all age groups virtually. It is a major contributor to the global burden of chronic disease and disability 2 .…”

Section: Obesity Statusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity Medical Management

Ahmed¹,

Ahmed²

2014

Int. J. Res. Ayurveda Pharm.

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Obesity is becoming a substantial health problem in the world, especially the industrialized countries. It is associated with serious medical, psychological, economical and social implications, virtually affecting all age groups. In this review, we focus on the definition of obesity, its classification, causes, current status and management. The causes of obesity are given in a short review of the pathophysiology of obesity including hypertrophic versus hyper-cellular obesity, hormonal influences on appetite, odour detection threshold and leptin. The main problems associated with obesity are co morbidities including hypertension, diabetes mellitus, obstructive sleep apnoea, reflux oeshpahgitis, cancer and osteoarthritis. Obesity management methods reviewed are medical (non-surgical) treatment including weight-loss programs, pharmacologic therapy where conventional and herbal medicines are used. Examples of the herbal medicines including, Guarana (Paullinia cupana), Guar Gum (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba), Ginseng (Panax ginseng), Flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum), Ginger, Green tea and glucomannan were discussed.

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Altered Olfactory Acuity in the Morbidly Obese

Abstract: Morbidly obese individuals are more likely than moderately obese individuals to demonstrate CC-SIT scores consistent with olfactory dysfunction. The reason for this is unclear but is probably related to metabolic changes occurring in morbidly obese individuals.

Cited by 116 publications

References 6 publications

Distinct Effects of two Almond Cultivars on Agreeability and Gastrointestinal Motility in Healthy Subjects: more than mere Nutraceuticals

Distinct Effects of two Almond Cultivars on Agreeability and Gastrointestinal Motility in Healthy Subjects: more than mere Nutraceuticals

Acute, short-term hyperinsulinemia increases olfactory threshold in healthy subjects

Obesity Medical Management

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