Altered physiology of gastrointestinal vagal afferents following neurotrauma

Blanke, Emily N.; Holmes, Gregory M.; Besecker, Emily M

doi:10.4103/1673-5374.290883

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 199 publications

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“…Although differences in gut microbiota composition have been observed after TBI in animal models, the exact regulatory mechanism remains elusive. A study considered that vagal afferent alterations, TBIinduced increase of cholecystokinin level, might be responsible for gut dysfunction through activation of the vago-vagal NTSinhibitory pathway (100). Additionally, in another experimental TBI, the gut upregulated the expression of glycoproteins to recruit immune cells and activate inflammatory signals, resulting in altered mucosal integrity (101).…”

Section: Wdi Micementioning

confidence: 99%

Gut Microbiota and Acute Central Nervous System Injury: A New Target for Therapeutic Intervention

Yuan

2021

Front. Immunol.

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Acute central nervous system (CNS) injuries, including stroke, traumatic brain injury (TBI), and spinal cord injury (SCI), are the common causes of death or lifelong disabilities. Research into the role of the gut microbiota in modulating CNS function has been rapidly increasing in the past few decades, particularly in animal models. Growing preclinical and clinical evidence suggests that gut microbiota is involved in the modulation of multiple cellular and molecular mechanisms fundamental to the progression of acute CNS injury-induced pathophysiological processes. The altered composition of gut microbiota after acute CNS injury damages the equilibrium of the bidirectional gut-brain axis, aggravating secondary brain injury, cognitive impairments, and motor dysfunctions, which leads to poor prognosis by triggering pro-inflammatory responses in both peripheral circulation and CNS. This review summarizes the studies concerning gut microbiota and acute CNS injuries. Experimental models identify a bidirectional communication between the gut and CNS in post-injury gut dysbiosis, intestinal lymphatic tissue-mediated neuroinflammation, and bacterial-metabolite-associated neurotransmission. Additionally, fecal microbiota transplantation, probiotics, and prebiotics manipulating the gut microbiota can be used as effective therapeutic agents to alleviate secondary brain injury and facilitate functional outcomes. The role of gut microbiota in acute CNS injury would be an exciting frontier in clinical and experimental medicine.

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Section: Wdi Micementioning

confidence: 99%

Gut Microbiota and Acute Central Nervous System Injury: A New Target for Therapeutic Intervention

Yuan

2021

Front. Immunol.

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“…Only one study reported a patient with a double diagnosis of SCI and ABI that increased from 7 to 74% according to different criteria ( Valbuena Valecillos et al, 2022 ). The dissociation between parasympathetic and ENS can contribute to NBD in patients with SCI or traumatic brain injury (TBI; Blanke et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bowel dysfunctions after acquired brain injury: a scoping review

Zandalasini,

Pelizzari,

Ciardi

et al. 2023

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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Bowel dysfunction is a common consequence of neurological diseases and has a major impact on the dignity and quality of life of patients. Evidence on neurogenic bowel is focused on spinal cord injury and multiple sclerosis; few studies have focused on patients with acquired brain injury (ABI). Neurogenic bowel dysfunction is related to a lifelong condition derived from central neurological disease, which further increases disability and social deprivation. The manifestations of neurogenic bowel dysfunction include fecal incontinence and constipation. Almost two out of three patients with central nervous system disorder have bowel impairment. This scoping review aims to comprehend the extent and type of evidence on bowel dysfunction after ABI and present conservative treatment. For this scoping review, the PCC (population, concept, and context) framework was used: patients with ABI and bowel dysfunction; evaluation and treatment; and intensive/extensive rehabilitation path. Ten full-text articles were included in the review. Oral laxatives are the most common treatment. The Functional Independence Measure (FIM) subscale is the most common scale used to assess neurogenic bowel disease (60%), followed by the Rome II and III criteria, and the colon transit time is used to test for constipation; however, no instrumental methods have been used for incontinence. An overlapping between incontinence and constipation, SCI and ABI increase difficulties to manage NBD. The need for a consensus between the rehabilitative and gastroenterological societies on the diagnosis and medical care of NBD.Systematic review registration Open Science Framework on August 16, 2022 https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/NEQMA.

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“…Alzheimer’s ( Cui et al, 2018 ; Waziry et al, 2020 ) and Parkinson’s ( Liu et al, 2020 ) raise the risk of stroke. Remarkably, this kind of trauma is associated not just with the death of neurons in the brain but also with subsequent degeneration of neurons in the gut ( Cheng et al, 2016 ; Stanley et al, 2016 ; Blanke et al, 2021 ) and with dysbiosis ( Cryan et al, 2019 , 2020 ). Moreover, zebrafish genetically engineered to grow to maturity without an enteric nervous system become more susceptible to dysbiosis and gut inflammation ( Rolig et al, 2017 ).…”

Section: Trouble In the Gut Is Trouble In The Brainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitochondria-Microbiota Interaction in Neurodegeneration

Krämer

2021

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s are the two best-known neurodegenerative diseases. Each is associated with the excessive aggregation in the brain and elsewhere of its own characteristic amyloid proteins. Yet the two afflictions have much in common and often the same amyloids play a role in both. These amyloids need not be toxic and can help regulate bile secretion, synaptic plasticity, and immune defense. Moreover, when they do form toxic aggregates, amyloids typically harm not just patients but their pathogens too. A major port of entry for pathogens is the gut. Keeping the gut’s microbe community (microbiota) healthy and under control requires that our cells’ main energy producers (mitochondria) support the gut-blood barrier and immune system. As we age, these mitochondria eventually succumb to the corrosive byproducts they themselves release, our defenses break down, pathogens or their toxins break through, and the side effects of inflammation and amyloid aggregation become problematic. Although it gets most of the attention, local amyloid aggregation in the brain merely points to a bigger problem: the systemic breakdown of the entire human superorganism, exemplified by an interaction turning bad between mitochondria and microbiota.

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Altered physiology of gastrointestinal vagal afferents following neurotrauma

Cited by 11 publications

References 199 publications

Gut Microbiota and Acute Central Nervous System Injury: A New Target for Therapeutic Intervention

Gut Microbiota and Acute Central Nervous System Injury: A New Target for Therapeutic Intervention

Bowel dysfunctions after acquired brain injury: a scoping review

Mitochondria-Microbiota Interaction in Neurodegeneration

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